NEOM is a planned development region in northwest Saudi Arabia, not a finished megacity. Its portfolio includes proposed urban, industrial, tourism and energy projects. Some activity is documented, including an operating port asset and construction progress reported by the green-hydrogen company; other plans have been deferred or changed, according to 2026 reporting and a contractor disclosure. The record also includes serious human-rights concerns over the displacement of the Huwaitat community.
What is NEOM?
NEOM is a region-sized development program on Saudi Arabia’s northwestern Red Sea coast. The developer describes it as “a region in the making in northwest Saudi Arabia,” intended to support economic diversification and develop new urban solutions. That is NEOM’s stated ambition, not evidence that the promised outcomes have been achieved.
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NEOM’s regional page describes an area of 26,500 km² and 468 km of Red Sea coastline; the Public Investment Fund (PIF) also gives the 26,500 km² figure. These are descriptions of the planned region’s scale, not measurements of a completed urban area or its current population.
The often-repeated “$500 billion” label should not be treated as a verified current budget for the whole portfolio. NEOM’s and PIF’s reviewed pages do not publish a current consolidated total, and the evidence available does not independently establish that amount.
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What are NEOM’s main projects?
The portfolio brings together projects with different purposes and different levels of documented progress. “Planned,” “under construction” and “operating” are not interchangeable descriptions here.
| Project | Purpose and official ambition | Evidence of activity and status |
|---|---|---|
| THE LINE | A multi-phased urban development. NEOM describes it as a demand-led project to be advanced in phases. | NEOM’s current descriptions present it as a long-term development, not a completed city. Semafor reported on May 22, 2026, citing people familiar with a strategic review, that further work was deferred until after 2030. That is reported information based on unnamed sources, not an official announcement in the material reviewed. |
| Oxagon | An intended industrial and logistics hub focused on manufacturing, clean technologies and related industries. Its plans include renewable-energy and AI-driven industry partners. | The Port of NEOM is a documented operating asset: NEOM says it was handed over to the company in August 2022 and that global shipping lines began calling there in 2023. This does not establish that Oxagon as a whole is a completed industrial city. |
| Trojena | A proposed year-round mountain tourism destination in the Jabal Al-Lawz area. NEOM gives its elevation as up to 2,600 m above sea level. | That elevation describes the destination’s setting and ambition, not an open or completed resort. On March 25, 2026, contractor Webuild disclosed that NEOM had terminated for convenience its contract for three dams and the Bow structure, effective March 29; the work was approximately 30% complete at termination. The disclosure concerns that contract, not every Trojena project. |
| Green hydrogen | An energy project at Oxagon intended to produce hydrogen and green ammonia. | NEOM Green Hydrogen Company reported that construction was 90% complete across all sites. It set a target of first green-ammonia availability in 2027 and described capacity of up to 600 tonnes of hydrogen per day once operational. These are company-reported construction progress and prospective targets or capacity, not independently verified production results. |
Is NEOM being built?
There is no single status that accurately describes every part of NEOM. The Port of NEOM has operated as an asset, while the hydrogen company has reported substantial construction progress. THE LINE remains described by its developer as a phased, long-term project, and Webuild’s disclosure confirms that a particular Trojena contract was terminated before completion.
The evidence also points to changes in plans. Semafor’s May 22, 2026 report said further work on THE LINE and new investment in Trojena had been deferred until after 2030, citing people familiar with a strategic review. Because this is reporting based on unnamed sources, it should not be recast as an official cancellation or as confirmation that all work has stopped. The Webuild disclosure is more specific and attributable, but applies only to its contract for three dams and the Bow structure.
NEOM’s official pages continue to describe the portfolio’s long-term ambitions. Read alongside the reporting and contractor disclosure, those pages do not settle the schedule or eventual scope of every component. It is more accurate to describe NEOM as a changing development portfolio than to call it either a completed megacity or a wholly cancelled project.
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Any account of NEOM should include reporting about the Huwaitat community and planned development area. Human Rights Watch’s World Report 2025 states that Saudi authorities forcibly evicted Huwaitat community members, arrested people who protested the evictions, and killed one resident who was protesting. It also reports prison and death sentences for people resisting evictions.
Amnesty International’s 2024 report includes an al-Khuraiba case study and discusses forced-eviction risks linked to NEOM, drawing on earlier reporting and a 2023 communication by UN special procedures experts. These are serious allegations and documented concerns attributed to the organizations reporting them; the existence of NEOM itself does not establish any individual criminal allegation.
Quick Recap
What should readers take away about NEOM?
- NEOM is a vast planned region in northwest Saudi Arabia, not a finished city.
- THE LINE, Oxagon, Trojena and the hydrogen project have different purposes and different evidence of progress; a milestone for one does not establish the status of the others.
- Some operations and construction activity have been reported, while other plans have been deferred or altered. The public evidence cited here does not establish a final schedule or scope for the whole portfolio.
- The $500 billion figure is not established here as a current consolidated budget for all of NEOM.
- Human-rights reporting on Huwaitat evictions and prosecutions is an essential part of the project’s context.
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