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How a Simple Wood-Fired Water Heater Works—and What Its Results Show

A wood-fired barrel stove and copper coil warmed flowing water in a 2023 outdoor demonstration. The reported results are illustrative, not a tested household heater specification.

By Bettesworth Construction Team 2 min read
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A DIY outdoor demonstration reported by Hackaday used a wood-fired barrel stove and a long copper coil to warm flowing water. The reported outlet temperature was substantially higher than the inlet, but the figures describe one project—not a rated appliance or independently validated performance test.

How the wood-fired water heater works

The setup is a basic heat exchanger. A fire heats a steel barrel stove, and water flowing through copper tubing wrapped around the barrel absorbs heat from the hot surface. In the project described by Hackaday on February 8, 2023, HowToLou used 100 feet of quarter-inch copper tubing and supplied it with water from a garden hose.

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The arrangement was presented as an outdoor demonstration, with a hot shower as the practical idea. It illustrates how a long coil can transfer heat to moving water; it does not establish that this particular arrangement is suitable for household installation.

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What the reported figures show

Hackaday reported 41°F inlet water, 105°F outlet water, and a flow rate of 0.67 gallons per minute for the demonstration. These are figures reported in the project account, not independently verified test results or a promise of what another build will deliver.

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The article also attributes an estimate of roughly 21,000 BTU per hour of heat transfer to Lou’s calculation. That is a calculated estimate, not a separately documented measurement. Actual results would depend on conditions the account does not establish, so the reported values should be read as specific to the demonstration.

Materials, cost and the limits of the account

The reported coil material was quarter-inch copper tubing. Hackaday said the tubing cost $55 for this build at the time of publication in 2023; that is a historical project cost, not a current price or a quote for a comparable product today. The article does not name a tubing brand or establish a pressure rating or suitability for potable water.

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Lou reportedly expected that doubling the tubing could increase heat transfer, but the account does not provide a quantified comparison showing what a longer coil would achieve. Treat that as an expectation, not a tested performance result.

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Why this is not a household water-heater guide

The project account is not a safety standard, installation manual, or code review. It does not establish which building or plumbing requirements apply, whether the coil is appropriate for a particular water supply, or what controls and safeguards a safe installation requires. A garden-hose-fed outdoor demonstration should not be treated as construction guidance for a domestic hot-water system.

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Anyone considering a real installation would need advice and requirements specific to the location, water system, and intended use; the demonstration alone cannot answer those questions.

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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