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The “almost 35%” figure is an approximate combined U.S. duty, not a single tax charged on every Canadian lumber shipment. It comes from adding the 24.75% “All Others” anti-dumping and countervailing-duty rate announced in the seventh administrative review to a separate 10% Section 232 tariff. The review rates are not effective until they are published in the U.S. Federal Register.
Why the headline rate is 34.75%
Global Affairs Canada said the U.S. Department of Commerce announced final results of its seventh administrative reviews on October 14, 2026. For exporters assigned the “All Others” rate, the combined anti-dumping (AD) and countervailing-duty (CVD) rate is 24.75%.
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24.75% AD/CVD + 10% Section 232 = 34.75%
That calculation explains the shorthand “almost 35%.” It does not establish a universal Canadian lumber tax. The applicable amount depends on the exporter, the product’s scope and classification, whether Section 232 applies, and the treatment of the particular entry.
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Company-specific rates from the seventh review
Global Affairs Canada listed these combined AD/CVD rates for named exporters and the residual “All Others” category. The illustrative totals below add the 10% Section 232 tariff only if the shipment is covered by that measure.
| Exporter or category | Seventh-review AD/CVD rate | Illustrative total if Section 232 applies |
|---|---|---|
| Canfor | 31.11% | 41.11% (31.11% + 10%) |
| Resolute | 25.55% | 35.55% (25.55% + 10%) |
| West Fraser | 20.02% | 30.02% (20.02% + 10%) |
| All Others | 24.75% | 34.75% (24.75% + 10%) |
These are not interchangeable rates. An importer should use the rate assigned to the exporter and verify that the merchandise falls within the relevant AD/CVD orders and the Section 232 coverage rules. A shipment that is outside Section 232 would not receive the additional 10% in the illustrative column.
What AD and CVD duties do
Anti-dumping duties
AD duties address Commerce’s finding that imported goods were sold at less than fair value in the U.S. market. The rate can vary by exporter and can change when Commerce reviews additional sales and pricing information.
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Countervailing duties
CVD duties address subsidization. Commerce calculates a subsidy rate and can revise it in a later review. AD and CVD rates are combined for collection under the softwood-lumber orders, but they remain legally distinct determinations.
Administrative reviews and entry treatment
Commerce conducts annual administrative reviews. They can revise cash-deposit rates for future entries and the final assessment rate applied to covered entries from the review period. The sixth CVD review, for entries from January 1 through December 31, 2023, illustrates the scale of those changes: the non-selected-company CVD rate rose to 14.63% from 6.74%, while reported AD rates ranged from 9.65% to 35.53%.
The distinction matters because a deposit collected when goods enter the country is not necessarily the final amount owed after Commerce completes liquidation instructions. Importers should identify whether a quoted percentage is a current cash-deposit requirement or a final assessment for an earlier period.
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When the October 14, 2026 rates take effect
Global Affairs Canada states that the seventh-review rates take effect once they are published in the U.S. Federal Register. The announcement date alone therefore does not answer which rate applies to an entry made before publication or to an entry governed by a different review period.
For a live transaction, the relevant date may also depend on the entry, suspension-of-liquidation and liquidation rules administered by U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Keep the Federal Register publication and the applicable Commerce instructions with the entry file rather than relying only on the October 14 announcement.
How the dispute reached this point
The 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement expired on October 12, 2015. Global Affairs Canada describes the dispute as ongoing and says Canada and the United States continue to pursue a negotiated outcome.
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In the meantime, Commerce has continued recurring administrative reviews. Canada has challenged the orders through NAFTA and USMCA processes, World Trade Organization proceedings and cases before the U.S. Court of International Trade. The repeated reviews and appeals are why rates can change without ending the underlying dispute.
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The CRS reported that finalized 2023 combined AD/CVD rates ranged from 26.47% to 47.59%. That range is another reason a single “Canadian rate” can misstate the duty attached to a particular exporter or entry.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What importers should verify before filing
- Exporter assignment: Confirm whether the producer or exporter is named in the seventh-review results or falls into “All Others,” and use the corresponding AD/CVD rate.
- Product scope: Check the AD/CVD order language, species, dimensions, processing and other classification details for the actual merchandise.
- Section 232 coverage: Determine whether the product is covered by the separate 10% tariff; do not add it automatically to every Canadian lumber entry.
- Effective publication: Confirm that the seventh-review results have been published in the Federal Register and identify the instructions governing the entry date.
- Deposit versus assessment: Establish whether the figure is the cash-deposit rate for a new entry or a final assessment rate for merchandise from a completed review period.
- Customs guidance: Reconcile the Commerce instructions with current U.S. Customs and Border Protection guidance and the entry’s tariff classification before calculating the amount due.
What the “almost 35%” figure does—and does not—tell you
It accurately describes one common arithmetic combination: the 24.75% seventh-review “All Others” AD/CVD rate plus the 10% Section 232 tariff. It does not prove that every Canadian softwood shipment faces 34.75%, that every named exporter has the same rate, or that the rate was already legally effective on October 14, 2026.
Nor do these duty figures by themselves establish how much of the cost will be passed through to U.S. buyers. The ultimate commercial effect depends on contracts, market conditions, inventory and other pricing decisions that are separate from the duty calculation.
In an August 8, 2025 statement, the U.S. Commerce Department said: “Commerce will now instruct U.S. Customs and Border Protection to begin collecting duties at the rates outlined in Commerce’s final results.” That language underscores the practical step after a review: collection follows Commerce’s instructions and Customs’ implementation, not merely a headline percentage.
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