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Start with the operating airport, not the construction footprint
A terminal expansion is a building project inside a larger passenger and aviation system. Its interfaces may include passenger routes, airline and concession operations, curb and roadway access, utilities, emergency response, construction access, and airside operations. The relevant interfaces vary by airport and scope; do not assume that every expansion affects runways, taxiways, or every adjacent system.
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Use FAA AC 150/5360-13A, Airport Terminal Planning, as a U.S. reference for planning passenger-terminal facilities. Issued July 13, 2018, it updates and supersedes earlier FAA terminal-planning circulars and is intended as a planning reference or starting point during or after the airport master-planning process. The FAA says it does not create new terminal-planning requirements. Check the FAA’s advisory circulars page for current status and editions before relying on it.
For construction safety and phasing, FAA AC 150/5370-2G, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction, was issued December 13, 2017. The FAA listed it as active when checked; verify its status and applicable airport requirements for the project. It frames airport construction as a balance among safety, maintaining operations, and construction costs, with safety controlling. Its guidance is not a site-specific design approval, operating authorization, schedule, or cost estimate. Airports outside the United States should follow their national aviation authority’s requirements and local airport procedures.
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Keep those roles distinct. The terminal-planning circular helps frame the passenger-facility planning process; the construction circular addresses operational safety and phasing while work takes place. Neither establishes the project’s approved design, a standard construction sequence, or a generic amount of time or money. Confirm the current circular editions, local airport procedures, required approvals, and project-specific constraints with the airport and relevant authorities.
Set the project basis and decision roles
Before choosing phases, agree on the expansion’s objectives, scope boundaries, operating constraints, and who has authority over operational decisions. The airport owner or operator leads the airport-specific planning basis; the design and construction teams translate the agreed constraints into a buildable sequence. The relevant authorities and approval path depend on the airport, affected operations, and project.
FAA terminal-planning guidance identifies airport management, planning consultants, tenant airlines, FAA, local planning agencies, concessionaires, and other airport tenants as possible participants. Their needs can conflict—for example, passenger circulation, airline operations, concession access, construction boundaries, and curb access may compete for limited space. Identify affected parties early and record who provides input, who decides, and who must approve or be notified of changes. The participant list must fit the particular airport and project rather than being treated as universal.
A practical way to start is to turn the project basis into a short set of questions the team can answer together: What facility or capacity objective is the expansion meant to serve? Which existing operations must be considered? What work limits or temporary conditions are already known? Which decisions belong to airport operations, and which can the project team make within approved limits? Record assumptions and unresolved issues instead of allowing them to become invisible constraints later.
Do not confuse consultation with authority. Airlines, tenants, consultants, and other airport users can identify operational needs and conflicts, while the airport and applicable authorities determine the decisions and approvals within their remit. The cited FAA guidance does not prescribe a universal governance chart or contract form, so establish project-specific decision rights and escalation routes with the airport.
Map affected areas and document normal operations
Under AC 150/5370-2G, the airport operator should determine the geographic areas affected by construction. Look beyond the terminal work zone: include temporary construction access and haul routes, staging and material stockpiles, utility work, adjacent operating areas, and places where construction height, line of sight, or a closure could affect operations. Some affected areas may change by phase.
This map should be broad enough to capture indirect effects as well as the permanent project footprint. A haul route, stockpile, or temporary access point may introduce an operational interface that is absent from the building plan. Revisit the affected-area map when the proposed access, staging, or phase boundaries change. AC 150/5370-2G specifically recognizes that affected areas can vary, including through haul routes and material stockpiles; identify these rather than treating the construction boundary as fixed for the whole job.
For each area that could be affected, record the operating baseline before deciding what construction can accommodate. Depending on the interfaces involved, relevant information can include runway or taxiway characteristics, aircraft using those facilities, operating procedures, available air traffic control services, and seasonal, daily, or time-of-day patterns. Assess which of these are actually relevant; do not imply an airfield impact where none exists.
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“Baseline” means more than a line on a plan. The team needs to understand the normal operating condition that construction would change: what area is in use, by whom, under what procedures, and at what times or seasons. This allows the airport operator and project team to compare a proposed work condition against a known operating picture. If an interface is not affected, note that conclusion rather than carrying an irrelevant restriction into every phase.
A practical interface register can help keep the review concrete. For each interface, note its current condition, possible construction impact, responsible airport contact, required coordination, and the phases in which it matters.
- Passenger routes, accessible paths, entrances, and connections between landside and airside facilities.
- Airline, baggage, concession, and other tenant operations.
- Curb, road, parking, transit, loading, and other access arrangements.
- Utilities, building systems, construction access, staging, and haul routes.
- Emergency access and any airside boundaries or operating areas affected by the work.
- Potential height, line-of-sight, closure, or navigation-aid impacts where relevant.
These are screening prompts, not a claim that every expansion affects every item. Have the airport and design team confirm the actual scope. The interface register is a project-management aid, not an FAA-mandated form identified by the cited guidance.
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Decide what stays open and what must change
AC 150/5370-2G says to maintain existing operations to the extent practical, but not at the expense of safety. The airport operator should consult airport users, Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) personnel, and FAA Air Traffic Organization (ATO) personnel to identify and prioritize operations that matter to the project. The circular’s principle is explicit: “To the extent practical, current airport operations should be maintained during the construction.”
List the operating needs that matter for the affected areas, then compare them with each contemplated work condition. This separates the operations that can be maintained safely from those that require a temporary adjustment. It also makes trade-offs visible before the sequence is fixed: a work area or access route may be convenient for construction but incompatible with an operating requirement or emergency response need.
If construction cannot safely accommodate an operation, the operation must be revised as needed. FAA examples include temporary approach-procedure changes, restricting aircraft to certain runways or taxiways, suspending operations, or reducing aircraft weight limits when a runway is shortened. These are examples of airport-specific operational decisions—not instructions for a project team to implement independently. Confirm constraints and approvals with the airport and relevant authorities.
The circular states: “When the construction activities cannot be adjusted to safely maintain current operations, regardless of their importance, then the operations must be revised accordingly.” This is why the planning order matters. The team should not promise that every current operation will continue unchanged and then try to solve the conflict in the field. The airport and relevant authorities must determine an appropriate operational response where needed.
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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteMake this decision before locking in a construction sequence. A sequence that looks efficient from a building-only perspective may conflict with passenger access, emergency response, or aviation operations. Where a conflict exists, document the constraint and the authorized operational response rather than assuming the airport can simply absorb the disruption.
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Convert constraints into coordinated construction phases
Once the operating requirements are understood, develop phases that can be built and operated safely. AC 150/5370-2G calls for coordination of resulting phases with local air traffic personnel and airport users. It also requires the sequenced phases established in the CSPP to be incorporated into project design and reflected in contract drawings and specifications. The construction sequence is therefore a design and procurement issue as well as a field-planning issue.
A Construction Safety and Phasing Plan (CSPP) should be airport-specific. Begin with the affected-area map and operating baseline, then show what changes in each phase and how those changes will be coordinated. A phasing concept that is not yet compatible with operations is not ready to be treated as the final sequence. Iterate it with the airport and the relevant users and personnel, and carry the selected sequence through the project documents.
For each phase, answer the following in the CSPP and the corresponding drawings and documents:
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- Which areas are closed or restricted, and for what duration?
- Which aircraft routes or operating areas change, if any?
- How will ARFF and other emergency responders reach the areas they need?
- Where may construction personnel enter, and what are the approved haul routes?
- Where are staging, material storage, disposal, and cleanout areas?
- What temporary signs, markings, notifications, or operating procedures are required?
- What work, inspection, coordination, or authorization must be complete before the next phase begins?
- Are navigation aids or other operational systems affected, and what coordination is needed?
FAA guidance specifically identifies closures and durations, taxi routes or reduced operating areas, ARFF access, construction staging/disposal/cleanout areas, construction access and haul routes, and impacts to navigation aids as relevant phase elements. The exact controls and documentation depend on the airport and project. Do not add a runway, taxiway, or navigation-aid restriction unless the assessment shows that the project affects it.
The phase questions should produce a clear operational picture, not just a construction sequence. Show what stays open as well as what is closed, where access shifts, and which conditions change at the transition. State the duration or timing information the project can establish; the cited FAA material does not supply standard durations for terminal expansion phases.
Make phase boundaries buildable and understandable
Show the limits of each phase clearly enough that airport staff, users, the contractor, and field personnel can understand what changes and when. Align plans and drawings with the agreed sequence; a mismatch between the CSPP, design, contract documents, and field conditions can create operational confusion. Set a project-specific process for approving phase transitions and communicating changes. FAA guidance supports coordinated phases and drawings, but it does not prescribe one universal governance chart or contract form.
For every handoff, identify what must be complete before the next condition takes effect. That may include project-specific work, inspection, coordination, or authorization; the items will differ by phase. The point is to make the gate explicit in the project documents and coordination process, rather than leaving field teams to infer when an area can reopen or a route can change.
Use the same phase names and limits across the CSPP, design, contract drawings and specifications, construction safety drawings, and field communications. When one of these changes, check the others for consistency. This is particularly important when a design adjustment affects the agreed operating area, access route, staging, or emergency access. The circular calls for phases to be reflected in design and contract documents; detailed change control should be established for the particular project.
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Coordinate the terminal as a passenger system
FAA terminal-planning guidance treats the terminal as part of the passenger transition between landside and airside facilities. Plan construction boundaries and temporary routes in relation to the existing terminal and its users, not as an isolated building footprint. In practical terms, examine how people, airline functions, concessions, airport services, and access systems will work while construction is underway.
Use the interface register to trace how a passenger or airport user encounters the work. Identify the route affected, the point at which it changes, and which airport or tenant contact needs to coordinate it. Include accessible paths in the route review. Where curb, roadway, parking, transit, or loading access is in the project’s scope, consider the temporary arrangement alongside terminal access rather than reviewing the building boundary alone. These are planning prompts; the airport and design team must confirm which facilities are actually affected.
Likewise, check the tenant and service interfaces that apply to the particular expansion. A boundary or work area may affect airline or concession operations, baggage or building systems, or emergency access, but none of those impacts should be assumed without project review. The purpose is to discover conflicts early enough to account for them in the phasing and project documents, not to prescribe the same solution at every airport.
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Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallThe older FAA AC 150/5360-13 (1988) is cancelled and superseded by AC 150/5360-13A. Its stakeholder and terminal-interface detail can serve only as supplementary historical context, not as current standalone guidance. Use current airport requirements and the active circular for the project’s planning basis.
Keep decisions, drawings, and field controls aligned
Operational assumptions can change as design advances, work areas move, or field conditions differ from expectations. Keep the CSPP, phase drawings, contract documents, and field coordination aligned. Identify who may authorize a temporary operational change or phase transition, how the contractor and airport will communicate changes, and what must be rechecked before work proceeds when a condition changes.
Before construction, review whether the plan still matches the project’s scope and the airport’s operating baseline. During work, route proposed changes through the airport’s established process; do not let an informal field adjustment become an uncoordinated change to an operating condition. If a changed condition affects a mapped area, route, closure, or phase boundary, reassess the relevant interfaces and update the coordinated documents as required by the project.
A practical sequence for managing that work is:
- Confirm the planning basis. Establish project scope, operating baseline, affected areas, stakeholder roles, and the applicable airport and authority requirements.
- Develop and coordinate the CSPP. Define phase boundaries, closures, access, routes, staging, emergency response, and any operational changes with the airport, users, ARFF, and relevant air traffic personnel.
- Carry decisions into project documents. Reflect the selected sequence and controls in design, contract drawings and specifications, and construction safety drawings.
- Coordinate each transition. Before moving to a new phase, verify required work and inspections are complete and obtain the project-specific coordination or authorization.
- Update when conditions change. Reassess affected operations and communicate revised controls through the airport’s established process.
FAA AC 150/5370-2G supports coordinated phasing and the alignment of the selected phase sequence with design and contract documents, but it does not provide a universal project governance chart, contract form, or cost-and-schedule template. Use the airport’s procedures and project-specific approvals to fill those roles.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How do airports keep operating during terminal construction?
They plan around the existing operating baseline, identify affected areas, and maintain current operations to the extent practical without compromising safety. The airport operator coordinates with users, ARFF personnel, and relevant FAA air traffic personnel, then defines project-specific phases and any necessary operational changes in the CSPP and related documents.
What is a Construction Safety and Phasing Plan (CSPP)?
A CSPP is the airport-specific plan for construction safety and phasing. In the FAA guidance, it helps identify affected areas, operating constraints, closures, routes, emergency access, staging, construction access, and other phase elements. The selected sequence should also appear in project design and contract drawings and specifications.
Who should be involved in planning a terminal expansion?
The participant list depends on the airport and project. FAA terminal-planning guidance identifies airport management, planning consultants, tenant airlines, FAA, local planning agencies, concessionaires, and other tenants as possible participants. For construction phasing, the airport operator should also consult airport users, ARFF personnel, and relevant FAA Air Traffic Organization personnel.
Does every terminal expansion affect runways or taxiways?
No. The team should assess which areas and operations are actually affected. Runway or taxiway characteristics, aircraft routes, and air traffic procedures matter when the project interfaces with them; they should not be assumed to apply to every terminal project.
How long does a terminal expansion take, and how much disruption should passengers expect?
The cited FAA circulars do not give a standard construction duration, cost, or passenger-disruption figure for terminal expansions. These depend on project scope, airport operations, and the approved phasing, so they require airport-specific analysis.
Which FAA circulars are relevant to planning this work?
For U.S. projects, AC 150/5360-13A, Airport Terminal Planning, is the FAA terminal-planning reference identified here; AC 150/5370-2G, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction, provides construction safety and phasing guidance. Check current FAA status, airport requirements, and applicable approvals before relying on either.
The Bottom Line
Plan an airport terminal expansion from the operating baseline outward: map affected areas, consult the airport and relevant users, decide what can safely remain open, and coordinate each construction phase in an airport-specific CSPP. Carry the chosen sequence consistently into design, contract documents, and field coordination. FAA circulars are guidance—not site-specific approvals, schedules, or cost estimates—so confirm current requirements and decisions with the airport and relevant authorities.
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