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BETTESWORTHConstruction
acoustic materials

How to Choose Acoustic Materials for a Quieter Open-Plan Office

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For most open-plan offices, begin with an absorptive ceiling, then tune workstation screens and wall treatment to the actual speech paths and work activities. That combination addresses reflected sound and some direct speech without pretending to “soundproof” the room. Carpet can reduce footfall and chair noise, while sound-isolating assemblies are needed when noise must be stopped from passing between enclosed spaces. The right specification depends on whether the complaint is reverberation, speech distraction, impact noise or transmission through a partition.

Use tested absorption data, frequency information, coverage, mounting details and safety documentation when comparing products. A high rating on a sample does not guarantee the same result after it is installed above a high ceiling, interrupted by lights and ducts, or used on only a small portion of the room.

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Start by identifying the noise problem

“The office is noisy” is not a sufficient acoustic brief. Different physical problems require different treatments. The OSHA Technical Manual distinguishes absorption, which reduces reflected sound, from isolation or sound transmission control, which limits sound moving from one space to another.

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Reverberation and general loudness

If voices, video calls and equipment noise continue to be audible after the source stops speaking, hard surfaces are reflecting sound around the room. Absorptive ceilings, wall panels and some floor finishes convert part of that sound energy into a small amount of heat instead of reflecting it. This can make speech easier to follow and reduce the buildup of sound, but it does not remove the direct sound travelling from a nearby talker.

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Speech distraction and privacy

Open workstations expose people to direct speech paths. Screens or partial-height partitions can interrupt those paths and absorb sound near the listener. Their effect depends on height, continuity, the absorptive faces and what the ceiling does with sound that travels over the screen. A screen alone is not a universal privacy solution; it should be selected with the ceiling and workstation plan.

Footfall, chair movement and other impact noise

Hard floors reflect more high-frequency sound and can make footsteps, rolling chairs and dropped objects conspicuous. Carpet or carpet tiles, especially with an appropriate underlay, contribute absorption and soften some impact noise. They are a supporting treatment, not a replacement for overhead and wall absorption where speech is the main complaint.

Sound transmission between rooms

If the problem is a meeting room, plant room or telephone booth heard through a wall, the issue is transmission rather than reverberation. Effective control requires an assembly with suitable transmission performance, sealed joints, carefully treated doors and penetrations, and attention to flanking paths. A porous acoustic panel mounted on the room-facing side of a wall is not equivalent to an isolating partition.

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Set the acoustic brief around the work being done

Open offices do not all have the same acoustic target. A call-heavy customer-service area needs different zoning and absorption from a quiet team doing concentrated work. ISO 22955:2021 covers activity patterns including calls, nearby collaboration, public reception and mixed uses. ISO describes the standard as guidance to support dialogue and formal commitment among end customers, project owners, designers, consultants and other stakeholders planning or changing an open workspace. The edition was published on 2021-05 and reviewed and confirmed as current in 2026; see the ISO 22955:2021 page.

Before requesting quotations, record:

  • Which locations are most distracting and at what times.
  • Whether the dominant source is nearby speech, reflected speech, calls, equipment, footsteps or sound from another room.
  • Where concentrated work, collaboration, reception and circulation occur.
  • The existing ceiling height and type, exposed concrete or plaster, glazing, doors, floor finish, lighting and mechanical services.
  • Any accessibility, cleaning, fire, indoor-air-quality or maintenance constraints.

For a substantial renovation, an acoustic professional can measure existing conditions and translate the activity plan into a performance target. The material choices below are comparison references, not a jurisdiction-specific code review or a design for an unknown floor plate.

Why the ceiling and workstation layout are evaluated together

Sound that passes over a workstation screen can strike the ceiling and return to the listener. That is why ceiling absorption and panel height cannot be selected independently. National Research Council Canada (NRC) guidance and J.S. Bradley’s modeled study both identify ceiling absorption, partial-height panel height and workstation plan size as consequential variables. Bradley’s paper, published 2003-06-01 in Canadian Acoustics, states: “The ceiling absorption, the height of partial height panels and the workstation plan size are shown to be most important.” Read the paper at The acoustical design of conventional open plan offices.

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The NRC’s 2004 practical guidance gives modeled examples rather than a universal product prescription: a ceiling sound absorption average (SAA) of 0.90 with panels at least 1.7 m high, or a ceiling SAA of 0.95 with panels at least 1.6 m high. Those combinations describe one modeled design space; they do not mean every office needs those exact dimensions.

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Ceiling height also matters. OSHA notes that, in its noise-control guidance, absorptive panels installed more than 15 feet above the floor may provide limited benefit at ground level. Treat 15 feet as qualified engineering guidance, not a universal cutoff. In a tall room, suspended rafts or baffles at a useful acoustic location may perform differently from a small amount of absorption at the structural deck, and the final arrangement must be coordinated with sprinklers, lighting and air distribution.

Compare the main material categories

Material or assembly Useful role Information to compare Important limitation
Acoustic ceiling tiles, rafts or baffles Absorb reflected sound over a large overhead area. Tested NRC or SAA; frequency bands; percentage of ceiling covered; ceiling height; suspension or mounting; access; compatibility with lights, HVAC and sprinklers. Small coverage or installation high above occupants may not control sound at workstation level.
Absorptive workstation screens or partitions Interrupt direct speech paths and absorb sound near the workstation. Overall height; continuity between adjacent screens; absorption on exposed faces; layout; edge gaps; cleanability and durability. A screen cannot block sound that simply travels over it, and its outcome depends on ceiling reflection.
Wall panels or absorptive wall finishes Reduce reflections from large vertical surfaces, particularly exposed hard walls. Tested absorption; frequency response; location; area coverage; mounting; impact resistance; finish and maintenance. A few decorative panels may leave the dominant ceiling or side-wall reflection untreated.
Carpet or carpet tiles Contribute absorption and reduce some footfall and chair-movement noise compared with hard flooring. Complete floor assembly and underlay; absorption by frequency; cleanability; replacement access; durability; accessibility; fire and building requirements. It is a contributing treatment, not an equivalent substitute for ceiling absorption or an isolation assembly.
Sound-isolating construction Limit transmission between enclosed rooms, equipment areas or other spaces. Assembly-level transmission data; wall and ceiling continuity; doors; seals; penetrations; structural and flanking paths. A room-facing porous absorber does not provide the same function as a sealed, tested isolating assembly.

Understand the ratings before comparing products

NRC and frequency data

The Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) is a standardized summary of sound absorption, usually presented as an average value. It is not a soundproofing rating and does not show how a product behaves at every frequency. The WELL v6 sound-reducing-surfaces feature describes NRC as an average under standardized conditions. Ask for the underlying test data as well as the headline number, especially when the office has a low-frequency equipment source or a highly reflective ceiling.

OSHA explains that the absorption coefficient is the fraction of incident sound energy absorbed. It also notes that an apparent coefficient above 1 can result from test conditions and should not be read as more than 100 percent absorption in the room. Thickness, density, mounting and sound frequency all affect the result. Two products from the same material category can therefore perform differently.

SAA is not interchangeable with NRC

Sound Absorption Average (SAA) is another standardized summary used in acoustic design. NRC’s office guidance uses SAA and modeled speech-intelligibility calculations, while many product sheets use NRC. Keep the metric and test context attached to the number; do not convert one into a guaranteed speech-privacy result or casually treat them as identical.

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Coverage and reference criteria

Coverage can matter as much as the rating of an individual panel. WELL v6 gives open-workspace reference criteria of ceiling NRC at least 0.9 across the ceiling surface and wall NRC at least 0.8 over at least 25 percent of surrounding wall area. For partitioned office spaces, it lists a partition height of at least 1.2 m and partition NRC of at least 0.8. These are WELL criteria, not universal legal requirements or a promise of a particular measured outcome. NRC cautions that speech intelligibility depends on how absorption varies with frequency and on the room arrangement.

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Use this selection sequence

  1. Map the complaint. Mark the source, affected desks, time of day and whether the sound is direct, reflected, impact-related or transmitted through a boundary. A short observation log prevents buying a wall product for a ceiling problem.
  2. Survey the existing room. Note ceiling height and construction, exposed slabs, glass, plaster, doors, floor finish, furniture, lighting, air terminals and sprinkler locations. Photograph obstructions and record areas that must remain accessible.
  3. Describe the activity zones. Separate concentrated work, calls, collaboration, reception and circulation. Place high-interaction functions where they will not create a direct speech path through quiet desks, or provide suitable separation and treatment.
  4. Evaluate the ceiling first in the layout model. Compare a continuous absorptive ceiling with rafts, clouds or baffles where a full grid cannot be changed. Check the effective coverage and the height at which the product will be mounted, not only the laboratory rating.
  5. Choose screens for the actual sight and sound paths. Specify finished height, continuity at corners, absorptive faces and the relationship to seated and standing users. NRC’s examples of 1.6 m and 1.7 m panels are modeled reference combinations, not a substitute for checking the proposed workstation plan.
  6. Add wall treatment where reflections remain. Prioritize large, exposed and acoustically hard surfaces facing workstations or collaboration areas. Compare the area covered and frequency response rather than counting panels.
  7. Use flooring as a supporting measure. Select carpet or carpet tile when it also meets access, cleaning, durability, accessibility and fire requirements. Do not remove overhead treatment on the assumption that carpet alone will control speech.
  8. Request complete submittals. Obtain the test method, mounting condition, frequency-band results, dimensions, coverage assumptions, installation instructions, fire and indoor-air documentation, cleaning guidance, warranty and compatibility requirements.
  9. Coordinate the installation. Resolve conflicts with luminaires, sprinklers, diffusers, detectors, cable trays and access panels before ordering. Maintain the designed coverage and avoid unsealed gaps where isolation is required.
  10. Verify the result against the brief. Revisit the same locations and activities used to define the complaint. If direct speech remains intrusive after reverberation is controlled, adjust zoning, screen geometry or source placement instead of adding random decorative panels.
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How to choose each material in detail

Ceiling tiles, rafts and baffles

A continuous acoustic tile ceiling offers broad coverage when the grid, services and ceiling height allow it. Rafts and baffles can add absorption where the structural ceiling must remain exposed, but their spacing, orientation and exposed surface area become part of the design. Compare the product’s tested mounting condition with the proposed suspension; a laboratory result for a plenum-mounted tile does not automatically describe a vertically hung baffle.

Check whether the product can be removed for maintenance and whether its edges, suspension hardware and service penetrations reduce the intended coverage. In a high room, ask the designer to explain how the installed location relates to the listener rather than relying on the 15-foot OSHA qualification as a pass/fail rule.

Workstation screens and partial-height panels

Screen performance depends on more than fabric. Height must interrupt the relevant direct path; gaps between panels and open corners can provide an easy route around the absorber. Specify both faces when a panel is exposed to sound from two directions, and check whether the system remains stable, cleanable and compatible with desks, power and accessibility clearances.

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NRC’s guidance identifies a workstation-panel SAA of at least 0.70 in its recommendations. That figure is a 2004 design reference, not a universal procurement threshold. Use it alongside the proposed panel height, ceiling SAA and workstation plan.

Wall panels and finishes

Wall treatment is most useful where a large vertical surface sends reflections toward desks or a meeting area. A panel’s location can be more important than placing the same number of panels in visually convenient positions. Compare frequency response, tested mounting, coverage and impact resistance, particularly in circulation routes. WELL’s reference value of NRC 0.8 over at least 25 percent of surrounding wall area provides one way to describe a substantial treatment zone, but the project should still identify which walls and frequencies matter.

Carpet and carpet tile

Carpet changes the floor’s acoustic behavior and can reduce footfall and chair noise relative to a hard finish. Compare the complete assembly, including backing and underlay, because OSHA’s material information shows that carpet absorption varies by frequency and backing. In a renovation, weigh acoustic benefit against rolling resistance, cleaning, replacement access, moisture management, trip hazards, wheelchair use and fire requirements. Use carpet as part of the package rather than the sole response to speech distraction.

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Isolation assemblies

When the source is outside the open office, investigate the wall, ceiling, door, glazing and penetrations as a connected assembly. Sound can bypass a nominally high-performing partition through a shared ceiling void, ductwork or an unsealed service opening. Specify tested assembly performance and continuity, then inspect seals and flanking paths during construction. Absorptive finishes inside the office may reduce the sound’s reflected component, but they do not repair a transmission path.

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Coordinate materials with building safety and maintenance

Acoustic products must remain compatible with the building systems that keep occupants safe and comfortable. Before approval, confirm fire classification and required clearances with the project’s code professional, provide indoor-air-quality documentation where required, and verify that suspended elements do not obstruct sprinklers, detectors, lights or air distribution. Obtain written cleaning instructions for fabric and fiber products, including stain treatment and replacement of damaged modules.

Durability is an acoustic issue as well as a facilities issue. A panel removed for cleaning, a missing ceiling tile or a screen relocated during a furniture change alters the designed coverage. Record the product type, orientation, mounting and layout so future moves do not silently remove the treatment that the acoustic brief depended on.

Troubleshoot by symptom instead of adding materials at random

Observed symptom after installation Likely explanation Next check
The room sounds less echoic, but nearby conversations are still distracting. Reflections were reduced, but direct speech paths remain. Review workstation orientation, screen height and continuity, and move high-interaction activities away from concentrated work.
Desks under a high exposed ceiling remain loud. Absorption may be too far above occupants or too limited in area. Confirm installed height and coverage; assess suspended treatment at a more effective location with the design team.
A meeting room is still audible through the wall. The problem is transmission or a flanking path, not only reverberation. Inspect doors, seals, penetrations, shared ceiling voids and ducts; review the tested assembly.
One side of the office is noticeably harsher. A large glass, plaster or exposed-concrete surface may be reflecting toward that zone. Map the reflection path and compare targeted wall or ceiling coverage rather than distributing small panels uniformly.
Noise returns after a furniture reconfiguration. Screens, ceiling elements or activity zones were changed. Compare the current layout with the documented acoustic plan and restore the intended height, coverage and zoning.

When to bring in an acoustic professional

Use specialist assessment when the office has a tall or irregular volume, mixed public and private functions, a persistent complaint after basic absorption, a requirement for speech privacy, sensitive equipment, or a renovation that changes partitions and services together. A consultant can establish a baseline, model the proposed ceiling and screen arrangement, distinguish reverberation from transmission, and define how the finished space will be checked.

For smaller projects, a clear brief and complete product submittals may be enough for the architect, contractor and facilities team to make a sound choice. In either case, describe the desired result in terms of the work being performed and the locations affected. Ratings such as NRC and SAA are comparison tools; they are not guarantees that a particular office will achieve a measured privacy or intelligibility outcome.

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Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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