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Before a wind farm’s permanent electrical connections are ready, temporary power keeps selected construction and commissioning tasks supplied. Depending on the work and project configuration, that supply can come from offshore diesel generators, a service operation vessel, or—once permanent connections are energized—the wind farm’s own electrical infrastructure. The generator is only one part of the system: fuel, transformers, lifting, maintenance, refueling and offshore access all have to be planned around it.
Why an offshore wind farm needs temporary power
A wind farm’s permanent electrical system is not necessarily available when its turbines, offshore substations or commissioning equipment first need electricity. Work may be underway while a turbine’s grid connection is delayed, or while permanent infrastructure has not yet been energized. Temporary supply bridges that gap for the particular equipment and task that need power.
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The timing is important. Temporary generation is not the same thing as the permanent system that collects electricity from operating turbines and transmits it to shore. Permanent export infrastructure serves the wind farm’s generation and grid connection; temporary systems serve construction or commissioning needs before, or alongside, that infrastructure becoming available. The distinction is described in Iberdrola’s explanation of offshore wind-farm electrical infrastructure.
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How a temporary supply is assembled
The system is configured for its work location and load rather than selected from a single standard offshore-wind design. A practical package may include a generator, a fuel tank, electrical conversion equipment such as a transformer, and arrangements for lifting and servicing the equipment offshore. The exact combination depends on the project and the equipment being powered.
Generation and electrical conversion
Generators produce the temporary supply. Some loads may also need a transformer as part of the package; project examples include transformers alongside generators. The reported ratings and voltages are project-specific, and do not by themselves establish what another turbine, substation or commissioning setup requires.
Multiple generators may be operated in synchronization when a project needs a larger combined supply. OEG’s Hornsea 3 announcement describes five 200 kVA units and two 300 kVA units running in synchronization, with a stated capability of up to 1,400 kVA. That figure describes the reported system, not a guaranteed output for a different configuration or a general capacity target for offshore wind construction.
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Fuel, lifting and offshore servicing
Offshore packages have to account for how fuel reaches the generator and how equipment can be installed, accessed and maintained. Mountable fuel tanks appear in the Hornsea 3 and Neart na Gaoithe examples; custom tank arrangements appear in the Borssele 1 and 2 case study. Lifting frames are also part of the Borssele package. These details show that supplying electricity offshore involves equipment handling and fuel logistics as well as electrical capacity.
Maintenance and refueling require people and access to the work site. OEG’s Neart na Gaoithe case study says personnel and crew-transfer vessels supported refueling and maintenance. It reports a package of 54 JCB G140QS generators, 2,000-litre mountable fuel tanks and 690 V transformers. Those are details of that project’s arrangement, not instructions for another site’s staffing, vessel plan or equipment specification.
What can supply power before grid connection?
The available options depend on when and where the load occurs, what power it requires and which infrastructure is available at that moment. An industry guide identifies vessel-supplied power and a generator paired with a load bank as options for turbine commissioning before grid connection. It also describes the possibility that, after array cables and other permanent connections are energized, those connections may support commissioning and auxiliary services, depending on project configuration.
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| Supply route | When it may be relevant | What to check for the project |
|---|---|---|
| Offshore generator package | A task needs temporary power, including when a turbine’s grid connection is delayed. | Load, required voltage and capacity, fuel storage and replenishment, offshore lifting, maintenance access and duration. |
| Power from a service operation vessel | The industry guide identifies vessel-supplied power as an option for turbine commissioning before grid connection. | Whether a vessel can supply the relevant load at the required work location and for the required period; the guide does not set a universal vessel-power specification. |
| Generator paired with a load bank | The industry guide identifies this as an option for turbine commissioning before grid connection. | The commissioning task and required equipment configuration; the guide does not provide a universal sizing method. |
| Energized permanent connection | Array cables and other permanent connections may support commissioning and auxiliary services once energized. | Whether the project’s particular connections are energized and configured to serve the load. |
The table distinguishes options described in project documentation and an industry guide; it is not a design selection tool. The sources do not give a universal calculation for choosing a system, nor do they establish that every option is available at every offshore site.
What project examples show about equipment scale
Published cases demonstrate a range of task-specific packages. Their ratings should be read as examples attached to named projects, not as a typical minimum, maximum or industry average.
| Project example | Reported temporary-power equipment | What the example establishes |
|---|---|---|
| Hornsea 3, turbine installation and commissioning | 150 kVA generator sets paired with 3,000-litre mountable fuel tanks. | OEG reports this package for the stated work; it does not establish a standard turbine package. |
| Hornsea 3, offshore converter-station commissioning | Five 200 kVA generators and two 300 kVA generators running in synchronization, capable of providing up to 1,400 kVA. | OEG reports a synchronized multi-generator arrangement for this commissioning work. |
| Borssele 1 and 2 | A 116 kVA generator package with a custom-built fuel tank, transformer and lifting frames; the case study also reports 44 generators maintained during construction. | The case study describes both supporting equipment and a maintenance role; it does not establish a project-wide maintenance model. |
| Neart na Gaoithe | 54 JCB G140QS generators, 2,000-litre mountable fuel tanks and 690 V transformers; personnel and crew-transfer vessels supported refueling and maintenance. | The case study illustrates the combination of generation, electrical equipment and offshore servicing. |
The reported capacities range from 116 kVA and 150 kVA packages to a synchronized arrangement reported as capable of up to 1,400 kVA. This comparison does not make the systems interchangeable: they are associated with different tasks and project arrangements. The sources do not establish a cross-project typical capacity, prevalence, cost, emissions level or savings figure.
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How the project team frames the supply choice
The available examples and guidance point to a project-specific evaluation rather than a universal answer. A temporary-power plan has to connect the work being done to the equipment that can serve it offshore. The following questions organize that evaluation without substituting for project engineering or local requirements.
- Locate and define the task. Identify the turbine, converter station or commissioning equipment that needs power and where the work will take place. The BOEM plan’s delayed turbine connection is one documented reason temporary generation may be required; the industry guide’s commissioning examples illustrate other task contexts.
- Establish the electrical requirement. Confirm the load’s required capacity and voltage, then check that the proposed generator and any transformer or other equipment match the project requirement. Published ratings such as 116 kVA, 150 kVA, 690 V and up to 1,400 kVA describe the cited packages only.
- Set the required operating period. Consider how long the temporary supply must serve the task. The comparison factors identified for these alternatives include duration; the available sources do not prescribe a universal duration or sizing calculation.
- Check alternatives available at that stage. Determine whether the work can be supplied by an offshore generator, power from a service operation vessel, a generator-and-load-bank commissioning arrangement, or an energized permanent connection. The latter may be an option for commissioning and auxiliary services only where the project configuration and energized connections permit it.
- Plan fuel and physical handling. Account for fuel storage and replenishment, equipment space, lifting limits and offshore installation. The case studies document mountable and custom-built tanks and lifting frames, but do not establish dimensions or handling limits that apply elsewhere.
- Plan access and ongoing service. Consider how personnel, maintenance and refueling will reach the equipment. Neart na Gaoithe’s case study specifically reports personnel and crew-transfer-vessel support; another project’s access plan may differ.
These questions are comparison axes, not a substitute for engineering calculations. The available material does not provide a universal design method, safety rule, cost model or emissions comparison. A project’s detailed equipment and operating requirements need to be checked against its own engineering and applicable local rules.
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They show a system, not just a generator
The documented packages combine generation with some mix of tanks, transformers, lifting equipment and service arrangements. The Neart na Gaoithe example makes the maintenance and refueling side visible; Borssele adds a custom tank and lifting frames; Hornsea 3 documents mountable fuel tanks and synchronized generator sets. Looking only at generator capacity misses the supporting work needed to keep a temporary system usable offshore.
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They are not universal specifications
A rating published for a turbine installation or converter-station commissioning package cannot be transferred to a different load merely because both projects are offshore wind farms. The cases do not state a single typical capacity, a standard number of generators, an average fuel requirement or a universal voltage. A large site may need different arrangements for different tasks and stages; the documented examples should be treated as illustrations of that variation.
They do not quantify cost, emissions or savings
The material establishes project equipment details and describes supply options, but it does not provide comparable project costs, emissions measurements, fuel consumption rates or quantified savings. It therefore cannot support a claim that one option is generally cheaper, cleaner or more efficient than another. Those conclusions require project-specific evidence that is not established by the cited examples.
Where temporary power fits in the construction sequence
Temporary supply matters most when a task’s electrical need precedes the availability of its intended permanent connection. At that point, a project may use a temporary arrangement for the defined work. When permanent connections become energized, they may take on commissioning or auxiliary loads if the configuration allows. The transition is therefore not simply a matter of switching every site load at once: the relevant question is whether the connection serving a particular task is ready and suitable for that task.
This framing helps distinguish construction-site power from export infrastructure. Temporary generators and related equipment bridge specific operational needs; array cables and export connections form part of the permanent network through which the wind farm’s generated electricity is collected and transmitted. They serve different purposes, even when the permanent system later makes some temporary supply unnecessary for a given task.
Bottom line for construction planning
Temporary power at a large offshore wind site is a task-specific package and logistics plan, not a single generator choice. Documented approaches include diesel generator systems, vessel-supplied power, generator-and-load-bank commissioning arrangements and, where configuration permits, energized permanent connections. The project examples show why capacity, voltage, fuel, lifting, offshore access and maintenance need to be considered together. Their figures are useful evidence of real arrangements, but they are not a design prescription for another wind farm.
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