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Before paying a substantial amount for a township plot in India, verify five things from independent records: the land title and the seller’s authority, the project and plot approvals, legal and physical road access, promised utilities, and the possession terms in your signed contract. A brochure or site visit cannot establish any of these. Match the documents to the exact plot and project phase, and have a local property lawyer interpret state-specific records and a licensed surveyor check physical boundaries where necessary.
RERA, planning, revenue and registration requirements differ by state. Treat this as a practical due-diligence framework, not a substitute for advice on the particular parcel.
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Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →1. Establish who owns the land and who can sell your plot
The first question is not whether the developer has a convincing project office. It is whether the person signing your agreement has a legally supportable right to convey the specific plot.
Request the complete title chain
- Ask for the current title deed for the project land and the earlier instruments that show how ownership moved to the present owner.
- Where the landowner and developer are different, obtain the development agreement, power of attorney, joint-venture instrument or other document that authorises the developer to market, allot and convey plots. Your lawyer should check whether the authority is still valid and covers this transaction.
- Obtain current land-record extracts and registration information used in the relevant state. A digitised entry is useful evidence, but its availability and legal effect vary by state; it does not remove the need for legal interpretation.
- Ask for a title search report prepared by an experienced local advocate, or commission an independent search yourself rather than relying only on the promoter’s summary.
Haryana RERA registration rules list an authenticated legal title deed and a land-title search report among project-registration material. That disclosure requirement is a useful starting point, not a guarantee that an individual buyer’s title is risk-free.
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Check the seller’s identity and signing authority
Compare the name and capacity of the person or company in the allotment letter and agreement with the title and authority documents. Confirm who will execute the final conveyance or sale deed, who can receive your money, and whether the bank account and receipts identify the same legal entity. If a broker, attorney or group company is involved, ask your lawyer to trace the authority through every link rather than accepting a verbal explanation.
Look for inconsistencies before you negotiate price
Plot numbers, survey or khasra numbers, village and tehsil names, area measurements and boundaries should be consistent across the title deeds, revenue records, sanctioned layout, allotment letter and draft sale deed. A mismatch may be a clerical error, a resurvey, a subdivision or a more serious identity problem. Do not “fix” it by inserting a handwritten description or relying on a promise that the deed will be corrected later. Pause the purchase until the relevant authority and your lawyer resolve the discrepancy in writing.
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Approval of a township does not automatically prove that every advertised plot can be conveyed or built upon. Check the phase containing your plot and identify the authority responsible for each approval.
Match the plot to the sanctioned layout
- Obtain the authority-stamped layout for the relevant phase, not just a sales brochure.
- Locate your plot number, dimensions, orientation, setbacks, access road and adjoining reservations on that plan.
- Compare those details with the project’s revenue identifiers and the records for the underlying land.
- Check whether the plan labels the land as a plot, road, open space, utility area or another common facility. A space shown as a park or road cannot be privately sold as a buildable plot merely because a salesperson points to it on the ground.
RERA registration disclosures in several states include sanctioned layouts, land-use permission and other required sanctions. Rajasthan guidance for plotted developments also connects the site plan to revenue details and shows roads and project facilities. Use those disclosures to cross-check the parcel; do not treat a RERA number as a blanket planning or title certificate.
Verify land use and phase-specific permissions
Ask the competent planning or local authority for the land-use permission and approvals applicable to the phase in which the plot lies. Confirm that the permission covers the intended plotted development and that any conversion, subdivision or infrastructure conditions have been met or are scheduled under an enforceable approval. A project may be marketed in stages, so an approval for an earlier phase may not cover your plot.
Use the state RERA record when registration applies
Search the state RERA portal using the project name and promoter’s legal name, then compare the public disclosures with your documents. Check the sanctioned plans, title-status information, approval list, phase boundaries, infrastructure schedule and stated completion date. Some projects or transactions may fall outside RERA registration requirements; that does not eliminate the need to verify title, planning permission and contract terms through the appropriate authorities.
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3. Prove that the plot has lawful, usable road access
A plot can have a boundary on a drawing and still lack a dependable legal route to a public road. Establish both the right to use the route and the obligation to construct and maintain it.
Trace the route from the plot to a public road
- Mark the plot on the approved layout and follow every internal road segment to the public road or highway connection.
- Ask which authority approved the roads and whether the roads are private project roads, roads to be handed over to a local body, or access over another owner’s land.
- Obtain any registered right-of-way, easement or access agreement if the route crosses land outside the project.
- Inspect the route on site in dry and wet conditions where practical. Note width, turning space, drainage, obstructions, gates and whether construction traffic has damaged the surface.
Put construction and maintenance responsibility in writing
Your agreement should identify who must complete the roads, by what stage, to what approved specification and who maintains them afterward. If a road is shown on a plan but has no funding, deadline or responsible party, treat access as unresolved. Ask what happens if the local authority does not accept the road or if a neighbouring parcel blocks the planned connection.
Check that the physical road matches the plan
Have a surveyor compare the road alignment and plot corners with the sanctioned plan and revenue map. A survey confirms physical position; it does not establish legal title or create a right of way. Any encroachment, narrowed reservation or altered alignment should be documented and referred to the authority and lawyer before payment.
4. Test the utilities and infrastructure promises
“All amenities” is not a specification. Identify the service, its source, the planned network, the delivery stage and who bears connection and maintenance costs.
| Service | Evidence to request | Questions to settle in writing |
|---|---|---|
| Water supply | Approved water or service drawing and infrastructure schedule | What is the source, when will connection be available, and who pays connection or interim supply charges? |
| Electricity | Electrification plan, utility approval and stage schedule | Is the promise a distribution network, individual connection or only a future application? |
| Drainage and sewerage | Sanitation drawing, outfall or treatment arrangement and completion milestone | What must be operational before possession, and who maintains the system? |
| Stormwater | Rainwater, drainage and recharge plan | Where does runoff go, and are roads and plots protected from flooding? |
| Common infrastructure | Sanctioned layout and phase-wise works schedule | Which facilities belong to this phase, and are they conditions of handover or future commitments? |
Goa RERA materials describe disclosure of stage-wise schedules for water, sanitation and electricity. Rajasthan plotted-development guidance identifies service drawings for water supply, rainwater harvesting or recharging, sanitation and electrification. Obtain the actual approved drawings and schedules for your project rather than relying on these general categories.
Turn marketing statements into contract obligations
Attach the approved layout, utility drawings and infrastructure schedule to the agreement or incorporate them by a precise document reference. State the completion milestone, testing or commissioning requirement, and remedy if the work is late or unavailable. If a salesperson promises a treatment plant, paved road or connection verbally, it is not a reliable term until the signed contract or annexure says what will be delivered and when.
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5. Read possession and conveyance terms line by line
Possession is not simply receiving a key or being told that you may enter the site. Your documents should define what is complete, how the plot is identified and what remedies apply if the developer is late.
Identify the contractual possession date and conditions
- Find the exact date or objectively calculated period for possession, and check whether the date applies to your phase.
- List the works that must be completed before handover: demarcation, access roads, drainage, water and electricity arrangements, sanitation and any approvals or certificates required by the governing authority.
- Specify how the plot will be measured and handed over, including corner markers, dimensions, area tolerance and a signed possession or handover record.
- Check whether possession depends on you paying disputed charges or signing a waiver. Do not sign an acknowledgment that says all obligations are complete if material works remain outstanding.
Examine delay, cancellation and refund language
Read the clauses dealing with delayed possession, interest, refund, cancellation and compensation together. Confirm the trigger date, rate or calculation method, notice requirements and whether the remedy is exclusive. The applicable remedy and deadline depend on the state law and the signed agreement; have a local lawyer explain them before you pay a non-refundable amount.
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The agreement and proposed conveyance should state who bears registration charges, development or infrastructure charges, utility connection fees, taxes, association dues and any outstanding work. Make sure the final deed repeats the correct plot identifiers, area, boundaries and rights to use common roads and services. Ask for a written statement of amounts due before execution.
Kerala RERA’s allottee guidance says buyers have the right to obtain project information, including sanctioned plans, layout approvals, specifications and title deeds, and connects possession and remedies to the agreement and applicable law:
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.“Have the right to obtain all information about the project such as copies of sanctioned plans, layout approvals, and specifications approved by the Competent Authority and copies of all documents such as Title Deeds.”
6. Carry out a coordinated document and site inspection
Use the same identifiers in every check. A practical sequence is:
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- Record the promoter’s legal name, project name, phase, plot number and all survey or revenue identifiers.
- Collect the title chain, authority-to-sell documents, current land records, registration information, RERA disclosures where applicable, sanctioned layout, land-use permission and approval list.
- Ask an independent property lawyer to review ownership, encumbrances or recorded interests, authority to convey, restrictions and the draft agreement.
- Have a licensed surveyor locate the plot and compare its corners, area, roads and adjoining reservations with the approved plan and revenue map.
- Inspect the road route and utility works on site. Photograph conditions and record the inspection date; photographs supplement, but do not replace, official records.
- Request utility drawings and the phase-wise infrastructure schedule. Convert material promises into agreement clauses or annexures.
- Mark the possession date, completion conditions, measurement process, delay remedies and outstanding-charge allocation in the draft documents.
- Send a written list of discrepancies to the promoter and relevant authority. Keep the replies with the transaction file.
- Do not pay a substantial amount, sign a waiver or accept possession while a title, identity, access or approval conflict remains unresolved.
- Before execution, have your lawyer compare the final allotment letter, agreement and conveyance deed against the verified records one last time.
7. Compare two plots or projects on evidence, not price
If you are choosing between alternatives, use identical evidence for each. A lower quoted price does not compensate for an unresolved defect in ownership, access or infrastructure.
| Decision axis | What a stronger file shows | Warning sign |
|---|---|---|
| Title and authority | Consistent ownership chain and authority covering the exact plot | Missing deed, unclear landowner-developer relationship or inconsistent names |
| Approvals and identity | Plot identifiers match the sanctioned layout and revenue records for the correct phase | Brochure-only plan, unapproved subdivision or mismatched survey numbers |
| Road access | Documented route to a public road with construction and maintenance responsibility | “Proposed road” with no right-of-way or completion obligation |
| Utilities | Approved service drawings, funded schedule and contractually defined delivery | Verbal amenity list or schedule that excludes your phase |
| Possession and remedies | Clear date, demarcation process, completion conditions and usable delay remedy | Open-ended possession, broad waiver or charges for unfinished work |
8. Red flags that should stop the transaction temporarily
- The promoter refuses to provide the title deed, sanctioned layout or authority documents.
- The plot number or area changes between the brochure, allotment letter and draft deed.
- The physical plot lies in a road, open space, utility reservation or outside the approved phase.
- Access depends on an unregistered promise from a neighbouring landowner.
- Utilities are described only as “planned” without drawings, dates or responsibility.
- You are asked to sign a possession certificate while roads, drainage or demarcation remain incomplete.
- The agreement permits unilateral substitution of the plot or removes meaningful delay remedies.
- A request for urgent payment is tied to a discount that expires before your lawyer can review the file.
These signs do not by themselves prove fraud, but they make independent verification more important. Keep funds and execution on hold until the inconsistency is documented and resolved by the competent authority and qualified professionals.
9. Know which records and professionals do what
The Department of Land Resources describes the digitisation and integration of textual and spatial land records, but states differ in portal coverage, update timing and the legal effect of entries. Use the official state land-record, registration, planning and RERA portals where available, and obtain certified or otherwise accepted copies when your lawyer advises.
- Property lawyer: traces title, reviews authority to convey, interprets state rules, checks contractual remedies and explains unresolved restrictions.
- Licensed surveyor: measures and locates the plot, compares boundaries and roads with approved plans, and records physical discrepancies.
- Planning or local authority: confirms land-use permission, sanctioned layout and phase-specific approvals.
- RERA authority: provides project-registration disclosures and promoter-filed plans where the project is covered.
- Registration and revenue offices: provide the state’s accepted deed, registration and land-record information.
A surveyor’s measurements do not establish legal title, and a portal entry does not replace legal review. Each professional answers a different part of the risk.
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10. Make the decision only after the evidence agrees
Proceed only when the title chain and seller authority support the conveyance, the plot’s identifiers match the sanctioned layout and revenue records, access is legally documented and physically usable, utilities have a credible phase schedule, and the agreement states possession conditions and remedies clearly. If any one of those evidence lines conflicts with the others, the correct next step is not a larger token payment; it is written clarification from the authority and advice from an independent local professional.
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