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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteA hydraulic bursting strength test measures how well a textile resists pressure applied across a clamped specimen. Pressure rises beneath a diaphragm until the fabric bursts; the method can also measure how far the fabric distends before failure. It is a textile test—not a general-purpose hydraulic pressure test—and its result is meaningful only in the context of the specified method, specimen state and intended use.
What a hydraulic bursting strength test measures
In the test, a fabric specimen is clamped over a test area and pressure is applied beneath a diaphragm. As the pressure increases, the specimen bulges and eventually ruptures. The result describes resistance to this multidirectional pressure loading; under ISO 13938-1, the method also determines bursting distension.
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This differs from a tensile test, which pulls a material along a defined axis. Bursting applies pressure across the specimen, making it useful for assessing textiles whose structure or use involves stresses in multiple directions. A burst result alone does not establish how long a finished product will last or how it will perform in service.
Which standards cover the test?
| Standard | Method and scope | Specimen or equipment notes |
|---|---|---|
| ISO 13938-1:2019 | Hydraulic method for determining bursting strength and bursting distension. ISO identifies the edition, published in November 2019, as current after review and confirmation in 2025. | Applies to knitted, woven, nonwoven and laminated fabrics. Specimens may be conditioned or wet. Pressure is supplied by a constant-rate pumping device. |
| ISO 13938-2 | Pneumatic counterpart to ISO 13938-1, identified by ISO as the alternative pressure method. | Specific apparatus and procedure requirements should be checked in the standard. |
| ASTM D3786/D3786M-18(2023) | Diaphragm bursting method using a hydraulic or pneumatic tester. ASTM lists this edition as active; its page was last updated July 14, 2023. | Used to evaluate knitted, nonwoven and woven textiles. Materials exceeding the instrument range may call for ASTM D3787 or D6797. |
These standards are not interchangeable by default. Follow the method named in the purchase specification, customer requirement or test plan, and report results under that method. ASTM also cautions that its SI and inch-pound systems are separate standards and may not be exact equivalents; do not silently combine values from the two systems.
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Hydraulic or pneumatic: how to choose
The difference is the pressure medium and corresponding apparatus: the ISO hydraulic method uses liquid pressure, while ISO 13938-2 is pneumatic. ASTM D3786 allows either hydraulic or pneumatic diaphragm testers.
ISO reports that available data show no significant difference between hydraulic and pneumatic results at pressures up to 800 kPa, a range it says covers most expected general-apparel performance levels. This is a comparison of results in that stated range—not a universal equipment limit, pass/fail threshold or guarantee of equivalence for every material and laboratory. ISO identifies hydraulic apparatus as more suitable for specialty fabrics requiring higher bursting pressures.
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When selecting a method or comparing results, establish the governing standard first. Then confirm the pressure range and apparatus suit the material, whether the specimen is tested wet or conditioned, whether distension is needed, and whether results from different laboratories must be comparable. Do not assume results from different methods can be pooled without an agreed basis.
What the result can—and cannot—tell you
A burst result is an indicator of resistance under the test conditions. It should not be treated as a direct prediction of garment life, field durability or performance in a particular application unless the result has been correlated with that performance.
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ASTM notes that D3786 is widely used to evaluate textiles for varied end uses. It says the method can still be satisfactory for acceptance testing when results have not been correlated with actual performance, but that qualification does not make the test a substitute for application-specific evidence. If a buyer and supplier disagree, ASTM recommends evaluating statistical bias using specimens randomly drawn from one sample.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What a laboratory needs to verify
A hydraulic fabric bursting strength tester is a specialized hydraulic diaphragm bursting tester, not an ordinary household pressure gauge or generic hydraulic tester. Before testing or specifying equipment, verify that it conforms to the required method and suits the work.
- Required method: Confirm whether the specification calls for ISO 13938-1, ISO 13938-2 or ASTM D3786/D3786M.
- Pressure range: Ensure the instrument can cover the expected material range; ASTM identifies D3787 or D6797 as possible alternatives for materials beyond an instrument’s range.
- Test head and clamping: Check that the arrangement is appropriate to the applicable standard and specimen.
- Calibration and operation: Follow the current standard and instrument manual for calibration, test procedure and reporting.
- Specimen state: Record whether testing is performed on conditioned or wet specimens where the applicable method allows those states.
Exact specimen counts, conditioning atmosphere, clamp dimensions, pressure ramp rate, calibration interval, calculations and report format must come from the current full standard and instrument manual. They should not be inferred from a short method description. The official standards pages link above provide the applicable publication information; the standards themselves are paid publications.
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