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BETTESWORTHConstruction
boiling-water canning

Preparing Jars for Canning and Boiling-Water Processing

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Wash every canning jar before use, keep it hot, and let the tested processing time determine whether it also needs pre-sterilizing. Empty-jar sterilization is unnecessary when a boiling-water recipe processes filled jars for 10 minutes or longer at the applicable elevation-adjusted time. Processes shorter than 10 minutes require sterile empty jars.

Start with clean, sound, hot jars

Wash jars before every use in hot water with detergent, then rinse thoroughly. A dishwasher is acceptable; detergent residue can affect the food’s flavor and color. Inspect each jar during washing and reject any with cracks, chips or other defects.

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Keep washed jars hot until filling—for example, in the closed dishwasher after its cycle or submerged in hot water. Washing and preheating reduce contamination and thermal-shock risk, but neither step sterilizes a jar.

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When pre-sterilizing is required

Situation What to do
Tested boiling-water process is 10 minutes or longer at the applicable elevation-adjusted time Wash and rinse jars, then keep them hot. Pre-sterilizing empty jars is unnecessary.
Tested boiling-water process is under 10 minutes Wash, rinse and sterilize the empty jars before filling.
Jar is cracked, chipped or otherwise damaged Do not use it for home canning.
Jar is a commercial container without a mouth designed for two-piece canning lids Do not use it for home canning; choose a Mason-type jar made for the purpose.

The National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP), adapting the USDA Complete Guide to Home Canning revised in 2015, states that pre-sterilizing is unnecessary for fruits, tomatoes, and pickled or fermented foods processed in boiling water for 10 minutes or longer. NCHFP also notes that jars do not need pre-sterilization when food is processed in a pressure canner.

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How to sterilize empty jars

  1. Place washed jars upright on a canner rack.
  2. Fill the jars and the canner with hot, not boiling, water until water is at least 1 inch above the jar tops.
  3. Bring the water to a boil and boil for 10 minutes at elevations below 1,000 feet.
  4. At higher elevations, add 1 minute to the sterilizing time for each additional 1,000 feet.
  5. Remove and drain jars one at a time with a jar lifter, keeping them hot until filling. You may retain the sterilizing water for processing the filled jars.

This schedule sterilizes the empty container only. It does not replace the food’s tested processing time, jar size, pack style or elevation adjustment.

Load and process the filled jars safely

Use the rack in a boiling-water canner and a jar lifter that grips below the jar neck. Keep jars upright during loading and removal. NCHFP’s general procedure preheats canner water to 140°F for raw-packed foods and 180°F for hot-packed foods. After loading, adjust the water so it covers the jar tops by 1 to 2 inches, then maintain a vigorous boil for the recipe’s complete processing time.

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Keep jars hot while filling. Placing a hot jar into markedly colder water, or filling a cold jar with hot food, can cause thermal shock and breakage.

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Follow the recipe rather than a general rule

Use a current tested recipe and its specified jar size, lid directions, pack method, processing time and elevation adjustment. Do not transfer one food’s process time to another. Some jams and jellies use a five-minute boiling-water schedule at low elevations and therefore call for sterile jars. Increasing or decreasing that schedule casually can affect both safety and gel quality.

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Quick preparation checklist

  • Choose home-canning jars in the recipe’s specified size.
  • Wash and rinse every jar immediately before use.
  • Reject cracks, chips and unsuitable commercial containers.
  • Keep clean jars hot until filling.
  • Check the tested boiling-water time after applying your elevation adjustment.
  • Pre-sterilize when that adjusted process is under 10 minutes.
  • Use the canner rack and jar lifter; keep jars upright and covered by the required water depth.
  • Follow the lid manufacturer’s current preparation instructions.

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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