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A newly built home still needs independent due diligence before you make an offer. Separate four questions: Is the construction sound, is the price supported by value, does the contract protect you, and will the builder deliver what was promised? Arrange an independent inspection as early as the builder and contract allow, review the plans and specifications, confirm permits and occupancy requirements, price insurance and ongoing fees, and understand deposit, cancellation, delay and warranty terms before signing. This U.S.-oriented guide covers completed homes and homes still under construction; inspection, disclosure, licensing and contract rights vary by state and locality.
What should you do first when evaluating a new-build home?
Start a written due-diligence file before making an offer. Keep the listing, site plan, floor plans, specifications, finish schedule, appliance list, allowances, promotional promises, community and HOA documents, and every builder communication together. Ask the builder to identify which document controls if marketing material conflicts with the contract.
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Then obtain an independent inspector’s scope and sample report, and ask whether the inspector regularly evaluates new construction. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) recommends checking references and the licensing authority that applies in your location, because licensing rules differ by state and county. Attend the inspection if possible so you can ask questions and understand the findings. CFPB’s inspection guidance explains how to select and schedule one.
Make the offer and sales contract contingent on financing and a satisfactory inspection when the seller and local law permit it. CFPB’s published advice is explicit: “It’s a good idea to make your purchase offer and sales contract contingent on obtaining financing and contingent on a satisfactory inspection.” Read the notice, repair-request and cancellation deadlines before signing; a contingency is useful only if you follow its procedure.
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Should you get an inspection on a new construction home?
Yes. “New” means the home has not had a prior owner, not that every component is installed correctly or complete. An independent inspection can identify defects, missing work, drainage problems, unsafe installations and documentation gaps before your contractual rights expire.
A builder’s quality-control inspection, municipal inspection or final walkthrough serves a different purpose and is not a substitute for an inspector who reports to you. For a completed home, schedule an inspection before removing contingencies or closing. For a home under construction, ask when inspections are permitted at foundation, framing, rough-in and pre-drywall stages, as well as at completion. The contract may limit access or set deadlines for raising findings, so negotiate those terms rather than assuming access.
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HUD’s buyer materials say inspectors commonly examine electrical systems; plumbing and waste disposal; the water heater; insulation and ventilation; heating and cooling; water source and quality; possible pests; foundation; doors and windows; ceilings, walls and floors; and the roof. Ask for the inspector’s Standards of Practice and a sample report before hiring. HUD’s Home Inspection guide provides the federal overview.
An inspection is a visual, professional assessment within the inspector’s stated scope. It is not a guarantee that concealed defects will never appear, a code-compliance certification, or an opinion that the price is fair. If the inspector identifies a concern outside the scope, obtain a specialist’s evaluation. Depending on the property and locality, that may include radon, lead, asbestos, water quality, septic or sewer, pest, structural, chimney, mold or other specialist work. HUD’s guide specifically identifies radon, lead, asbestos, water or waste-disposal concerns and pests as possible additional investigations.
Attend when practical and ask the inspector to distinguish immediate safety issues, items that could cause damage, maintenance, unfinished work and issues that need specialist confirmation. Request a written report with photographs, limitations and recommended next steps.
How is an appraisal different from an inspection?
An appraisal estimates market value for the lender; an inspection evaluates physical condition for you. HUD states: “An appraisal is required to estimate the home’s value for your lender and does not replace a home inspection.” A lender’s appraisal can support a loan amount without finding every construction defect, and it does not guarantee that the home is worth the contract price.
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For new or proposed construction, Fannie Mae’s guidance allows an appraiser to use plans and specifications, an existing model home or other information sufficient to identify the proposed improvements. Its completion-verification rules concern lender documentation and postponed work, not a replacement for your inspection and contract review. If the appraisal is below the contract price, your financing contingency and local contract language determine whether you can renegotiate, bring additional cash or cancel.
What should you check in a home that is already complete?
Compare the physical home with the signed plans, specifications and promised selections room by room. Photograph differences and list incomplete or substituted work. Do not rely on a model home: identify the exact lot, elevation, options and finishes included in your contract.
- Site and drainage: Look for standing water, grading toward the foundation, retaining-wall issues, damaged paving and unfinished landscaping that the contract says is included.
- Exterior envelope: Check roof surfaces visible from the ground, flashing, gutters and downspouts, siding, masonry, sealants, windows, doors, decks, porches and garage openings.
- Interior finish: Look for cracked or uneven floors, loose trim, sticking doors and windows, drywall defects, missing caulk, damaged cabinets, incomplete paint and incorrect fixtures.
- Systems: Confirm that heating and cooling, electrical, plumbing, water heater, ventilation, appliances and life-safety devices operate as represented. The inspector should report visible defects and limitations.
- Attic, crawlspace and foundation: Check access, insulation, ventilation, moisture signs, framing, support posts and visible foundation cracking within the inspection scope.
- Safety and access: Verify handrails, guards, stairs, garage safety features, smoke and carbon-monoxide alarms, and safe access to equipment.
Ask the builder for a written punch list, completion schedule and responsible contact. A final walkthrough is useful for recording cosmetic and operational items, but it should not be presented as an independent inspection. Miami-Dade County’s buyer guidance recommends bringing someone knowledgeable in building trades to its pre-closing walkthrough; that is local guidance, not a national requirement.
What documents should you request before offering on a completed home?
Request the records required by your contract and local authority, and confirm who will provide each item and by what date. Depending on jurisdiction and property type, the file may include:
- Approved plans, surveys and site or drainage information.
- Permit history, final inspection approvals and a certificate of occupancy or equivalent approval.
- Evidence that required completion items and any permitted postponed work are finished.
- Roof, insulation, product-approval or engineering documentation where applicable.
- Termite, radon, water, septic or other local certificates when required or available.
- HOA declaration, bylaws, budgets, assessments, rules, architectural standards and fees.
- Transferable manufacturer and contractor warranties, manuals and service contacts.
Miami-Dade County’s newly constructed home checklist mentions approved plans, a survey, flood information, product approvals where applicable, roof and insulation information, HOA documents and available termite or radon certificates. Adapt that list to your building department, locality, property type and contract; Miami-Dade’s requirements are not universal.
What should you check when the home is still under construction?
For an unbuilt or partially built home, the contract and specifications are the product description. Do not make an offer based only on a model, brochure or verbal promise.
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- Identify the exact home. Record lot number, address or proposed address, elevation, floor plan, structural options, orientation, parking, storage and included site work.
- Attach the specifications. List flooring, cabinets, counters, windows, insulation, roofing, HVAC, plumbing fixtures, lighting, appliances, landscaping and all allowances. Require written approval for substitutions.
- Define changes. Set the change-order process, pricing, design deadlines, credits, approvals and the point after which changes are impossible.
- Set inspection access. State whether you may use your own inspector at foundation, framing, rough-in, pre-drywall and final stages, who pays for opening or repairing finishes, and how findings must be reported.
- Set completion standards. Define substantial completion, punch-list work, acceptable tolerances, functional testing and what must be finished before closing.
- Address timing. Include estimated completion and closing dates, permitted extensions, notice requirements, delay rights, carrying costs and what happens if the home is incomplete on the proposed closing date.
- Protect the deposit. Ask in writing when the builder deposit is refundable, where it is held, what happens after buyer default, and which builder or project events permit cancellation. CFPB specifically advises buyers to ask when a deposit can be returned.
- Plan financing independently. You do not have to use a builder-associated lender; CFPB says buyers may shop around. Compare loan terms, rate-lock timing, appraisal requirements and the risk that a construction delay changes your qualification.
Which contract clauses deserve legal review?
Have a real-estate attorney familiar with your state review the builder’s form when the deposit is substantial, the home is customized, the deadline is tight or the contract limits remedies. Focus on:
- Deposit amount, escrow or handling, refund triggers and buyer-default damages.
- Inspection access, contingency language, repair credits, notice method and cancellation deadlines.
- Plans, specifications, allowances, substitutions, model-home disclaimers and written change orders.
- Completion and closing dates, delay excuses, extension rights, termination rights and any liquidated damages.
- Permits, final approvals, occupancy documentation and responsibility for unresolved work.
- Warranty scope, exclusions, claim deadlines, required notice, repair opportunities and mediation or arbitration.
- Title, easements, assessments, HOA obligations, utility connections and who pays unresolved charges.
Put every important promise in the contract or an incorporated addendum. An email or sales presentation may not override an integration clause or a detailed specification schedule.
How should you evaluate the builder’s warranty?
Read the actual warranty, not a salesperson’s summary. The Federal Trade Commission explains that builder warranties generally provide limited, component-specific coverage for workmanship and materials, with duration varying by component. Its examples include one year for workmanship and materials on many components, two years for HVAC, plumbing and electrical systems, and, with some builders, up to 10 years for major structural defects. These are general examples, not promised terms for your home.
Check who is responsible, what is excluded, how to give notice, whether the builder gets an opportunity to repair, and whether deadlines run from closing, substantial completion or another date. FTC notes that builder warranties often exclude appliances, small cracks and items covered by manufacturers’ warranties. Collect manufacturer registrations, serial numbers and service contacts at closing.
Do not confuse a builder warranty with a separately purchased home-warranty service contract. FTC says, “A home warranty is really a service contract, and costs extra.” Such contracts may duplicate existing coverage or make repairs difficult to obtain. Identify the provider, covered items, exclusions, service fees, response process, written-notice rules and mediation or arbitration terms before paying for one.
What if the inspection finds defects?
First classify each finding: safety or habitability, likely water or structural damage, incomplete contractual work, installation defect, cosmetic item or specialist question. Obtain specialist reports when needed and estimate the cost and time to correct.
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Then follow the contract exactly. Depending on its terms, you may request repair, a credit, a price change, a completion escrow or cancellation under an inspection contingency. A builder may agree to repair but not to a credit, or may dispute whether an item is required by the specifications. Do not waive a deadline while negotiating unless the extension is written and signed.
For a home under construction, ask whether the defect can be corrected before drywall or closing and require documentation of the repair. For a completed home, schedule a reinspection of significant repairs and retain invoices, photographs and sign-offs.
How do insurance, flood history and HOA costs affect the decision?
Obtain an informal homeowners-insurance estimate before your offer becomes difficult to cancel, especially in a storm, flood, wildfire or other high-risk area. Ask the insurer what construction features, roof age, prior claims and mitigation measures affect eligibility and premiums.
Ask the seller or builder about previous flooding, storm or disaster damage and examine available repair evidence. CFPB notes that disclosure requirements differ by state and that repeated storm damage can affect insurance costs or value. A standard homeowners policy may not cover flood damage; ask whether separate coverage is needed and whether it is available at acceptable cost.
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Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How can you compare two new-build homes or builders?
Use the same written questions for each option rather than comparing headline prices alone. Compare:
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| Decision area | Questions to ask |
|---|---|
| Total scope and price | What is included, what is an allowance, and what costs extra after closing? |
| Deposit and cancellation | When is the deposit refundable, and what events let either party terminate? |
| Schedule | How certain are completion and closing dates, and what remedies apply to delay? |
| Inspection access | Can your inspector visit during construction and after completion, with usable deadlines? |
| Completion evidence | Which permits, occupancy approvals and completion records are delivered before closing? |
| Warranty | What components are covered, for how long, with what exclusions and dispute process? |
| Ownership cost | What are estimated insurance, HOA, tax, utility and maintenance obligations? |
There is no official universal score or pass mark. Choose the option whose documented scope, risk allocation, schedule and ongoing costs fit your finances and tolerance for uncertainty.
What is a practical pre-offer and pre-closing checklist?
Before making the offer
- Obtain the exact plans, specifications, options and included-work schedule.
- Identify an independent, properly qualified inspector and request the scope and sample report.
- Read inspection, financing, deposit, delay, completion and cancellation clauses.
- Request permits, occupancy information, survey, flood information and HOA documents where applicable.
- Get an insurance estimate and investigate prior damage or claims.
- Confirm estimated taxes, HOA dues, utility and other recurring costs.
- Put promised finishes, credits, dates and refund terms in writing.
Before removing contingencies or closing
- Complete the independent inspection and any specialist inspections.
- Compare the home with the contract and document every discrepancy.
- Verify final inspections, occupancy approval and completion of required work.
- Review the final punch list, repair evidence, warranties and manufacturer documents.
- Reinspect major repairs and confirm utilities and systems operate.
- Confirm title, HOA disclosures, insurance binding and lender conditions.
- Keep copies of all notices, reports, photographs and builder responses.
What are the biggest mistakes buyers make?
- Assuming new means perfect: New construction can contain installation errors, unfinished work or drainage and moisture problems.
- Using the builder’s inspector: A builder’s representative may be useful for its own quality process, but your inspection should be independent and accountable to you.
- Relying on the appraisal: Value for the lender is not a condition assessment.
- Accepting verbal promises: If a finish, credit, date or refund condition matters, put it in a signed document.
- Ignoring deadlines: Inspection and cancellation rights can disappear if notice is late or delivered incorrectly.
- Focusing only on the house: Insurance, flood exposure, HOA obligations, taxes and unfinished community work affect the real cost.
- Assuming a warranty covers everything: Coverage is limited, component-specific and subject to exclusions and claim procedures.
What should you do if local requirements are unclear?
Ask the local building department which permits, final inspections, certificates and records apply to the property. Ask the state or county licensing authority how inspectors are licensed and whether complaints are handled locally. Have a local attorney explain disclosure, contingency, deposit and warranty remedies before you sign. Federal guidance can explain the process, but it cannot replace the law and contract terms in your jurisdiction.
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The safest decision is not simply “buy” or “walk away.” It is to proceed only when the physical condition, contract rights, completion evidence, insurance and total cost are documented well enough for you to make an informed choice.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I waive the inspection contingency on a new construction home?
You can sometimes waive it, but doing so shifts the risk of defects and incomplete work to you and may remove a contractual cancellation route. If a seller demands a waiver, consider negotiating inspection access, a right to terminate for material defects, or a post-inspection repair process instead, with local legal advice.
What if the builder will not allow my inspector during construction?
Ask the builder to state that restriction in writing and identify the inspection opportunities available before closing. You can make access, a final independent inspection and adequate time to respond conditions of your offer, subject to the builder’s form and local law.
Who pays for specialist inspections such as radon or septic testing?
The contract or local practice may allocate the cost, but the buyer commonly orders and pays for optional specialist evaluations. Decide based on the property’s location, systems and risks, and make any testing deadline part of the written contingency.
What should I keep after closing in case a defect appears?
Keep the signed contract and specifications, inspection and appraisal reports, permits, occupancy records, warranty documents, photographs, repair invoices and every written notice to the builder. Note the date and method of each warranty claim because coverage often depends on timely written notice.
Does a model home prove what my finished house will include?
No. A model may contain upgrades, different elevations, landscaping or furnishings that are excluded from your lot. Treat the signed plans, specification schedule, option sheet and change orders as the controlling description.

