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A good waterproofing specification states where water may come from, the performance required, the complete compatible system, substrate and drainage assumptions, installation controls, and the evidence needed for sign-off. It should let a designer, contractor, inspector, and future maintainer make the same decisions without guessing which membrane, detail, or instruction applies.
Use the checklist below for internal wet areas, exposed roofs and decks, and basements or other below-ground structures. The compliance examples include New Zealand and UK guidance; confirm the current code, approval route, and product documentation for the project’s actual jurisdiction before issuing the specification.
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What should a waterproofing specification establish?
It should answer six questions before a product is named:
| Question | What the specification must state |
|---|---|
| Where is waterproofing required? | Every room, roof, deck, podium, basement wall, floor, tanking zone, threshold, penetration, and transition included in the scope. |
| What water exposure is expected? | Internal splash and overflow, weather, retained ground water, hydrostatic pressure, vapour pressure, or another defined source. |
| What performance is required? | Water exclusion, drainage, protection of finishes, durability, movement accommodation, and any project-specific design-life or maintenance assumptions. |
| Which compliance route applies? | The governing code clause, acceptable solution, verification method, appraisal, certification, or documented alternative-solution evidence. |
| How will the system be built? | Substrate preparation, compatible primers and accessories, joints, penetrations, application conditions, inspections, protection, and repair. |
| Who is responsible? | The waterproofing designer, installer or approved applicator, main contractor, inspectors, and the person accepting the completed and protected work. |
Do not leave these decisions implicit in a generic note such as “provide waterproof membrane.” A membrane is one component of a water-management assembly, not a design by itself.
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How do you define the application and water exposure?
Start with the assembly and its exposure, because an internal tiled shower, an exposed deck, and a basement wall fail in different ways and follow different compliance pathways.
- Internal wet areas: Identify showers, bathrooms, laundries, commercial wash-down areas, balconies enclosed by a building, and any floor that may receive regular water. State the finish above the membrane and how water reaches a drain.
- Roofs, decks, and podiums: Define weather exposure, traffic or maintenance loading, falls, outlets, edge conditions, penetrations, and the membrane system’s permitted use. State whether the assembly is above occupied space and what protects the membrane from subsequent work.
- Below-ground structures: Identify walls, slabs, joints, water table assumptions, drainage, and the consequences of leakage. NHBC guidance treats below-ground design as risk-based and generally assumes exposure to the full height of water during the building design life; use the NHBC Chapter 5.4 guidance only after checking the current edition and contract requirements.
Record the expected water pressure and the route water will take if it reaches the assembly. A surface barrier, an integral water-resistant structure, and a drained cavity are different strategies. They cannot be substituted for one another merely because all are described as “waterproofing.”
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Which waterproofing system should be specified?
Specify a complete, compatible system and its limits, not just a brand or membrane chemistry. The schedule should identify the membrane type, primer, bond-breaker, adhesive, reinforcement, sealants, corners, collars, drains, protection layers, and any other accessories required by the supplier.
Below-ground options
For basements and other below-ground structures, NHBC describes three broad approaches:
- Type A barriers: A barrier is applied to the structure to resist water entry.
- Type B structurally integral protection: Water resistance is designed into the structure itself.
- Type C drained protection: A cavity or channel collects water and removes it through a managed drainage system.
Choose among these by risk, ground conditions, access for maintenance, consequences of leakage, and the project’s structural and drainage design. If a drained system is selected, the specification must explain where collected water goes, how channels and sumps remain accessible, and how pumps or outlets are maintained.
Roof and deck membranes
State the membrane system and the compliance evidence supporting its use. New Zealand’s Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) publishes guidance for external membranes and identifies a reinforced modified-bitumen membrane code as selection, design, and installation guidance. Check the current MBIE roof and deck membrane guidance and the current E2/AS1 status before relying on an edition shown in an older drawing or appraisal.
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For a New Zealand project, MBIE states that roof and deck areas over 40 m² require roof vents in accordance with the membrane manufacturer’s instructions. That is a jurisdiction- and guidance-specific threshold, not a universal rule for every country or membrane system.
Internal wet-area membranes
For tiled internal wet areas, identify the substrate, tile finish, membrane location, and all compatible accessories. The Waterproofing Membrane Association NZ (WMAI) Code of Practice is a useful reference, but the PDF reviewed is the fourth edition dated August 2020; Building CodeHub lists a fifth edition valid from 3 July 2022. Verify which edition is incorporated by the applicable code and contract.
BRANZ appraisals show the type of scope that must be checked rather than assumed. The appraisal for ARDEX Undertile Internal Liquid Waterproofing Membranes covers liquid-applied membranes under ceramic or stone tile finishes subject to stated conditions. The appraisal for Davco K10 Plus, K10 Rapid and K12 Wet Area Membranes likewise has product-specific limits. Appraisal status, permitted substrates, detailing, and installer requirements can change, so attach the current documents to the project record.
How should substrate, movement, and drainage be documented?
The substrate is part of the waterproofing design. Record what it is, how sound and dry it must be, how it will be prepared, and which primer or bonding method the selected system permits.
- Substrate type and condition: Identify concrete, cement-based screed, sheet lining, masonry, timber-based substrate, insulation, or another material. State tolerances, cleanliness, dryness, cracks, laitance, contamination, and repairs required before application.
- Preparation: Name the approved preparation method and primer. Do not allow the applicator to select an unlisted primer or substitute accessory without written design approval.
- Movement and control joints: Show every structural, construction, expansion, and control joint. For the ARDEX appraisal cited above, movement and control joints in the substrate must continue through the membrane and tile finish; the building-specific joint design remains the responsibility of the designer and contractor.
- Falls and drainage: Draw falls, screeds, drains, outlets, overflow routes, gutters, and scuppers. State the minimum geometry required by the selected system and how ponding is prevented.
- Pressure from below: Check whether water or vapour pressure can act beneath the assembly. The cited ARDEX appraisal excludes use on concrete slabs with hydrostatic or vapour pressure from below; an exclusion like this must be visible in the specification rather than discovered after installation.
The WMAI code treats surface preparation as critical because service life depends on adhesion quality. Include a hold point for substrate inspection before membrane work begins.
Which interfaces and penetrations must be drawn?
Every change in material, direction, level, or trade ownership deserves a detail. A plan note cannot reliably explain a wall-to-floor junction or a pipe passing through a membrane.
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- Wall-to-floor junctions and internal corners.
- External corners, upstands, parapets, kerbs, thresholds, and terminations.
- Drains, outlets, overflows, gutters, sumps, and inspection openings.
- Pipe, cable, duct, bracket, and sleeve penetrations.
- Construction, movement, and control joints.
- Changes between concrete, masonry, boards, insulation, screeds, and finishes.
- Membrane edges at doors, shower screens, planters, balustrades, and service zones.
For each detail, identify the system component used, the required overlap or seal (if the current supplier detail specifies one), the installation sequence, and the trade responsible for each step. Coordinate the waterproofing specialist with the structural, architectural, mechanical, and drainage designers before construction drawings are issued.
Protect the prepared substrate from contamination by following trades. Define who may walk on or fix through the membrane, what temporary protection is allowed, and how damage is reported and repaired before concealment.
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What installation controls belong in the specification?
Make the current supplier documents contract documents. List the technical data sheet, safety data sheet, handling and storage instructions, installation manual, and any system-specific design guide by title, revision, and date.
The WMAI code requires work to stay within supplier-permitted application conditions and to use the recommended primer, system components, coats, reinforcement, and film depth. Your specification should therefore state:
- Permitted temperature, humidity, substrate moisture, ventilation, and weather conditions, as given by the current supplier instructions.
- Mixing, pot-life, application equipment, coat sequence, reinforcement placement, and coverage or thickness checks where the system requires them.
- Required curing or waiting intervals before tiling, backfilling, screeding, protection, or traffic. Use the supplier’s current values; never insert a generic drying time.
- Inspection and hold points, including substrate acceptance, first detail installation, membrane continuity, penetrations, drains, and final pre-cover inspection.
- Records: batch or lot numbers where required, installer, date, area, weather or site conditions, photographs, thickness or coverage checks, nonconformities, and repairs.
- Protection measures and the party responsible for accepting the protected work before another trade proceeds.
“THE APPLICATOR MUST INSPECT THE SUBSTRATE AND NOTIFY THE MAIN CONTRACTOR IN WRITING OF ANY DESIGN OR CONSTRUCTION FAULTS OR DAMAGE TO THE SUBSTRATE. ALL CONCERNS MUST BE RECTIFIED BEFORE THE APPLICATOR COMMENCES WORK IN THAT AREA.”
This is an instruction from the WMAI Code of Practice, not a quotation from an individual. Include an equivalent contractual requirement and a written notification route.
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Installer credentials are system-specific. The cited ARDEX appraisal requires trained installers approved by ARDEX New Zealand; the WMAI code describes supplier-certified installers working for a certified applicator. Treat these as examples tied to those documents, not as universal qualifications.
How do you document compliance for the project’s jurisdiction?
Write the jurisdiction and compliance route on the first page of the specification. Then identify the exact code clause, acceptable solution, verification method, appraisal, certification, or alternative-solution report used for each assembly.
In New Zealand, internal moisture work may reference E3/AS2, which incorporates the internal wet-area membrane code subject to its stated modifications. External moisture work may involve E2/AS1 or another accepted route. MBIE explains that roof and deck membrane proposals can follow an acceptable solution or be supported as an alternative solution; record which route the consent documentation uses.
For UK work, do not assume that a document labelled “NHBC Standards 2016” is current merely because a PDF URL contains “jan-2025.” Confirm the edition, warranty requirements, contract documents, and building-control expectations that govern the project. The same principle applies to every appraisal and code: record the edition and check its validity at specification, tender, and construction stages.
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Issue a coordinated package, not a product data sheet alone. NHBC’s below-ground guidance calls for the following information to be clearly distributed:
- Current coordinated drawings.
- Details of joints, junctions, and service penetrations.
- An installation method statement and work sequence.
- A ground-condition report.
- Manufacturer information, including relevant system design-manual sections.
- Third-party certifications or appraisals.
- The waterproofing design specialist’s name and contact details.
Add the inspection and sign-off matrix, approved installer evidence, substrate inspection records, photographs, repair records, protection acceptance, and any maintenance instructions. For drained below-ground systems, include access points, cleaning requirements, pump or outlet information, and the response to a blocked or failed drainage path.
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What commonly goes wrong, and how should the specification prevent it?
| Failure mode | Preventive specification control |
|---|---|
| A membrane is selected before exposure is understood. | Classify the area and water source first; state performance and pressure assumptions before naming a system. |
| Incompatible primer, adhesive, sealant, or reinforcement is substituted. | List the complete compatible system and require written approval for substitutions. |
| Joints stop at the membrane or finish. | Show joint continuity on drawings and assign design and installation responsibility. |
| Water has no reliable route to an outlet. | Draw falls, drains, overflows, sumps, and maintenance access; state ponding and blockage controls. |
| Hydrostatic or vapour pressure is outside the product scope. | Assess pressure from below and display product exclusions in the design documents. |
| Later trades puncture or contaminate the membrane. | Set hold points, protection requirements, permitted fixings, and a written repair process before covering. |
| Outdated code or appraisal information is used. | Record edition and revision, check validity at each project stage, and attach the current source. |
| No one owns final acceptance. | Name the inspector, waterproofing specialist, main contractor, and person who signs protection and handoff. |
How do you use this as a ready-to-issue checklist?
- Map the scope: Mark every waterproofed zone on current plans and elevations.
- Classify exposure: Record internal, weather-exposed, retained-ground, or other water conditions.
- Set performance: State the required water-management approach, design assumptions, and consequences of leakage.
- Confirm compliance: Name the jurisdiction, code route, current edition, appraisal, certification, or alternative-solution evidence.
- Select the system: Identify the membrane or structural/drainage approach and every compatible component.
- Verify the substrate: Record material, condition, preparation, primer, moisture limits, and exclusions.
- Resolve movement: Locate all joints and show how they continue through the waterproofing and finish.
- Design drainage: Show falls, outlets, overflows, sumps, cavities, ventilation, and access for maintenance.
- Detail interfaces: Draw corners, thresholds, terminations, penetrations, drains, and material changes at a usable scale.
- Set installation controls: Attach current supplier documents, define conditions, sequence, curing, inspections, records, and protection.
- Assign people: Name the waterproofing designer, installer or approved applicator, inspectors, and sign-off authority.
- Plan handoff: Require drawings, method statement, ground report, certifications, photographs, repairs, maintenance information, and protection acceptance.
Before tender, have the waterproofing specialist review every interface and confirm that the selected system’s current documentation covers the proposed substrate, exposure, geometry, and finish. Before concealment, require written acceptance that defects and damage have been rectified.
What is the practical standard for a complete specification?
A complete specification makes water, movement, drainage, compatibility, compliance, workmanship, and responsibility visible. If an installer still has to decide which primer, joint detail, outlet, repair method, or code route applies, the specification is not finished. Treat current codes, appraisals, and supplier instructions as controlled documents, and update the package whenever the design, product, or jurisdiction changes.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can one waterproofing membrane be used throughout a building?
Not safely by default. Internal wet areas, exposed roofs and decks, and below-ground structures have different water pressures, movement, drainage, finishes, and compliance evidence; a system approved for one exposure may be excluded for another.
Who should approve a waterproofing specification before construction?
The project’s waterproofing design specialist should coordinate with the structural, architectural, mechanical, and drainage designers, then confirm the selected system and current documentation. The building-control authority, certifier, or warranty provider may also need to accept the stated compliance route, depending on the jurisdiction.
What records should be kept after a membrane is covered?
Keep the approved drawings and method statement, current product documents, installer credentials, substrate and pre-cover inspection records, photographs, batch information where required, defect and repair records, and the signed protection and handoff record. For drained systems, retain access, cleaning, pump, and outlet information.
Does a product appraisal replace a project-specific waterproofing design?
No. An appraisal defines a product’s assessed scope and conditions; it does not design the building’s falls, joints, ground-water strategy, penetrations, or interfaces. Check that the proposed assembly stays within the appraisal and then complete the project-specific design.
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