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Bettesworth Construction
environment

How an Anchovy-Inspired Filter Could Capture Microplastics from Laundry

A filter modeled on fish gill arches retained up to 99.6% of test microplastic fibres in laboratory work, but household performance and product availability are not established.

By Bettesworth Construction Team 4 min read
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A filter inspired by the gill arches of anchovies and other ram-feeding fish captured up to 99.6% of test microplastic fibres in laboratory trials. That is a promising design result—not proof that a finished washing-machine product removes nearly all fibres from household laundry. The researchers say it still needs testing with mixed particles, heavier loads and realistic wastewater.

How the fish-inspired filter works

The device, called the fish-inspired filter (FiF), uses semi-cross-flow filtration. Its design adapts the way ram-feeding fish direct particles along their gill arches: wastewater flows past a conical filter element rather than simply pushing all material straight into it. The system has a defined angle of attack, adapted inlet geometry, separate outlets for filtered water and concentrated fibres, and periodic cleaning. The study describing it was published in npj Emerging Contaminants on 5 December 2025: Hamann et al., “A self-cleaning, bio-inspired high retention filter for a major entry path of microplastics”.

In laboratory tests, the filter retained up to 99.6% of the test microplastic fibres. Its periodic cleaning mechanism collected up to 85% of fibres outside the filter. These figures describe different parts of the tested setup: retention at the filter and collection during cleaning. The paper also reports that performance depends strongly on design choices, including angle of attack and inlet geometry.

What the results do—and do not—show

The reported maximum is not a household-wide removal rate. The tests used specified fibres and laboratory configurations; they do not establish how the design performs over months of normal washing, with every fabric type or across all washer models. The paper does not show that the FiF is a commercially available consumer product.

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The authors identify several issues for further testing:

  • How the filter handles mixtures of particles and larger fibre loads.
  • How much material it can hold before clogging or failing.
  • How other washing-machine effluent components affect performance, including natural textile fibres, oils, sand, dust, pollen, hair and detergents.

For now, the FiF is best understood as a promising laboratory design. Its fish-inspired geometry and cleaning approach are research findings, not a guarantee of a ready-to-install solution.

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How it compares with studied laundry filters

Other filters and in-drum devices have been evaluated, but their results should not be ranked directly against the FiF: the studies used different devices, methods and test conditions.

Device or approach Reported finding Evidence context
Fish-inspired filter (FiF) Up to 99.6% retention of test microplastic fibres; periodic cleaning collected up to 85% of fibres outside the filter. Laboratory tests reported in 2025; not a demonstrated household removal rate. Hamann et al.
XFiltra Around 78% reduction in fibre release to wastewater. One 2020 study comparing six devices, including prototypes and products. Napper, Barrett and Thompson
Guppyfriend bag Around 54% reduction in fibre release to wastewater. The same 2020 comparison; the authors said the bag appeared mainly to reduce shedding during the wash. Napper, Barrett and Thompson
Cora Ball and Lint LUV-R The study assessed these two marketed technologies; no percentage is stated here. A separate 2019 study. Its results should not be merged with the 2020 comparison. “Capturing microfibers”

The broader research field includes a Janus branch filter designed to remove microplastics and surfactants, filtering systems based on recycled LDPE, and tarantula-hair-inspired barbed filters. In its own tests, the latter study reported 88–91% retention for barbed filters and 79–86% for conventional controls. Those figures are not directly comparable with the FiF or commercial devices because the systems and conditions differed. These studies do not establish those designs as consumer products: Janus branch filter, recycled-LDPE filtering systems and tarantula-hair-inspired filters.

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Why installation and maintenance matter

Capture performance is only one part of whether a filter works in a home. In a six-month citizen-science project, 20 households collected lint while washing normally. After digestion of the lint, the published abstract reported an estimated 61 mg of microfibres per kg of washed garment. Of the volunteers, 67.8% found installation challenging, while 53.5% planned to continue using filters. Those findings make usability and ongoing maintenance important considerations alongside laboratory capture claims. See Abourich et al., “Washing machine filters to mitigate microplastics release”.

When assessing a real product, check whether it is an external wastewater filter or an in-drum device, whether it fits the washer and drain setup, how often it must be cleaned, what happens when it clogs, whether replacement media are needed, and how captured lint should be disposed of. The cited studies do not establish current product compatibility across washer models.

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What a washer filter can—and cannot—address

Laundry filtration targets fibres carried away in washing-machine wastewater. It does not capture fibres shed while garments are worn, or address other sources of microplastic pollution. The 2020 device study noted that clothing releases fibres during wear as well as washing.

A German household modeling study illustrates why a filter’s capture rate should not be confused with an equal reduction in total household emissions. In that model, a filter assumed to be 50% efficient reduced total household microplastic emissions by a further 4.5%; the filter scenario also estimated a 37% increase in washing costs. These are modeled figures for Germany, not universal outcomes or current prices. See “Efficiency and costs of household filters for the retention of fibrous microplastics from the laundry process in Germany”.

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