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The seawater-source heat-pump plant at the Port of Esbjerg, Denmark, began delivering heat in November 2024. Operated by DIN Forsyning, it supplies district-heating networks serving Esbjerg and nearby Varde. The “world’s largest” description comes from the manufacturer’s commissioning announcement in 2024; it is not a verified ranking for 2026.
What the Esbjerg project does
The plant draws heat from seawater and uses electricity from nearby wind farms to raise its temperature for district heating. The heat enters existing networks for homes and other buildings in Esbjerg and Varde. Despite the headline figure, the plant supplies heat, not electricity to 25,000 homes.
The installation is part of Esbjerg’s transition away from coal-fired heat. In an Everllence project retrospective, DIN Forsyning Project Director Kenneth Jørgensen said: “We’re phasing out coal-fired heat and replacing it with carbon-neutral district heating produced from wind and seawater.”
How many homes can it serve?
MAN Energy Solutions’ November 2024 announcement estimated annual heat production at approximately 280,000 MWh, enough for around 25,000 households. The same announcement projected an annual reduction of 120,000 tonnes of CO₂. These are manufacturer-reported estimates; the sources cited here do not establish them as independently measured operating results.
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What does CO₂ have to do with the heat?
CO₂ is the heat pump’s working fluid, or refrigerant—not a fuel that the plant converts into energy. Electricity drives the heat pump, which moves heat from seawater and raises it to a temperature suitable for district heating. The cited project sources identify the seawater input, wind-farm electricity and CO₂ heat-pump technology, but do not detail the refrigerant cycle.
Why do published capacity figures differ?
Published sources describe the plant’s capacity in two different ways. World Pumps reported 70 MW of total heating capacity in December 2024, while Everllence’s current technology page identifies the Esbjerg installation as a 30 MWth CO₂ heat pump. The available sources do not explain whether these ratings use different system boundaries, refer to different units, or reflect different operating conditions, so they should not be treated as directly comparable.
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What is established about its scale?
MAN Energy Solutions called the plant the world’s largest CO₂-based seawater heat pump when it announced commissioning on 28 November 2024. That is an attributed, time-specific manufacturer claim, not confirmation of the plant’s position in a current global ranking.
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