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Construction is not broadly defying the slowdown; it is splitting into winners and losers. U.S. nonresidential building spending fell 2% to $846 billion in 2025, dropped 7% year over year in the first five months of 2026, and the American Institute of Architects (AIA) forecasts a further 0.3% decline for 2026. Yet data-center spending is forecast to jump 33% this year, power work remains strong, and health-care construction is still growing.
That makes the market “K-shaped”: AI infrastructure, utilities, health care and selected public work are supporting contractors while private offices, retail, lodging and parts of education weaken. The upturn can last into 2027, but its durability depends on financing, labor, materials, public funding and whether data-center investment spreads into the broader supply chain.
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Is construction actually slowing down in 2026?
Yes, when measured across nonresidential building as a whole. No, if the question is limited to the sectors receiving the most capital. The latest AIA July 2026 Consensus Construction Forecast reports that nonresidential building spending declined 2% to $846 billion in 2025 and was down 7% during the first five months of 2026 compared with the same period a year earlier. AIA expects spending to fall another 0.3% in 2026 before increasing 3.0% in 2027.
Those totals hide a major concentration of activity. AIA says the commercial improvement is almost entirely data-center driven. Excluding data centers, commercial spending would fall 1% in 2026 and rise only 1% in 2027. In other words, the headline “construction is holding up” is accurate for some project types, but misleading as a description of the entire industry.
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Which construction sectors are strongest and weakest?
The Associated General Contractors of America (AGC) and Sage survey measures contractors’ expected demand, not completed output. Its net reading is the share expecting demand to increase minus the share expecting it to decrease, based on 951 respondents. It is useful for direction, but it should not be read as a spending-growth percentage.
| Sector | 2026 contractor demand reading | What the signal means |
|---|---|---|
| Data centers | Net +57% | Strongest contractor expectation; AI and cloud infrastructure are concentrating capital here. |
| Power | Net +34% | Grid, generation and electrical work are following data-center and wider infrastructure demand. |
| Other health care | Net +24% | Institutional demand remains supported by an aging population. |
| Hospitals | Net +20% | Health-care work remains one of the more resilient building categories. |
| Water and sewer | Net +16% | Utility and public work still support backlogs, although expectations are softer than in 2025. |
| Manufacturing | Net +15% | Contractors are comparatively positive, but large projects can move between reporting periods. |
| K–12 schools | Net -1% | New-build momentum is roughly flat as demographics and funding constrain projects. |
| Higher education | Net -5% | Funding, enrollment and policy uncertainty weigh on new construction. |
| Private offices | Net -14% | Hybrid work, vacancies and expensive financing continue to suppress new space. |
| Retail | Net -18% | The weakest reading, reflecting consumer confidence and financing pressure on discretionary projects. |
The AGC/Sage readings are consistent with AIA’s spending forecast: a few high-value categories are expanding while many traditional commercial categories contract. They are also a reminder that a contractor’s local backlog may look healthy even when national building totals are falling.
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Data centers have a different demand engine from ordinary commercial real estate. Spending is tied to computing capacity, cloud services and artificial-intelligence infrastructure rather than office occupancy or discretionary consumer spending. AIA forecasts data-center spending to rise 33% in 2026 and another 25% in 2027, making it the clearest outlier in the commercial forecast.
These facilities also pull work into adjacent trades. They require large electrical systems, cooling equipment, backup generation, high-capacity connections and site infrastructure. That helps explain the AGC’s second-highest demand reading for power, at net +34%. If data-center development proceeds, utilities, transmission, substations and specialty mechanical and electrical contractors can benefit even when conventional office construction does not.
The concentration creates a qualification, however. AIA’s forecast shows that the commercial category would be negative in 2026 without data centers. A boom in one asset type cannot automatically replace thousands of delayed office, retail or lodging projects, particularly for general contractors and subcontractors whose geographic markets or specialties do not overlap with mission-critical facilities.
How long can data centers carry construction?
Data centers can support the market through 2027 under AIA’s current forecast, but they are not recession-proof. Their pipeline depends on the cost and availability of capital, power connections, equipment and qualified labor. A project that has been announced or has begun site work can still be delayed, resized or canceled before it becomes sustained spending.
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Financing is the first constraint. AIA says high interest rates and inflation are cooling demand and causing developers to delay or shelve projects. Data centers are capital-intensive, so a higher cost of debt, a tighter lending standard or a change in an owner’s return assumptions can affect a very large project quickly.
Power availability is a second constraint. A facility may be economically attractive but unable to secure a timely grid connection, substation or generation capacity. That can shift work between years and create a misleading sequence in which announced demand remains high while starts or spending arrive later than expected.
Third, the sector competes for the same scarce electricians, engineers, equipment and specialty subcontractors needed by hospitals, manufacturing plants and public infrastructure. A data-center surge can therefore raise labor and procurement costs for the rest of construction, reducing the amount of work that fits within a project budget.
The most durable scenario is not “data centers replace everything else.” It is a broader chain reaction in which data-center demand supports power upgrades, manufacturing capacity, roads, water systems and local services. Whether that broadening occurs is one of the most important questions for 2027.
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Are health care and public projects safer bets?
They are more resilient in the current forecast, not immune to delay. AIA projects health-care building spending to grow 2.6% in 2026 and 4.4% in 2027. AGC contractors report net demand of +24% for other health-care facilities and +20% for hospitals. AIA links that demand to an aging population, which gives the sector a structural driver that is less dependent on office utilization.
Water and sewer work has a net +16% AGC reading, while transportation, bridges and highways also continue to support demand. Public work can provide a steadier pipeline because it is tied to appropriations, utility needs and long-lived assets rather than a single developer’s leasing assumptions.
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Still, public projects face their own timing risks. AGC reports less optimism than a year earlier for several public categories, and funding decisions can move with budgets, elections and policy changes. A project in a capital plan is not the same as a project with an executed contract and available funds.
What are contractors most worried about?
The AGC/Sage 2026 outlook report finds that 62% of contractors regard an economic slowdown or recession as a major concern. Worker supply follows at 57%, labor costs at 56%, worker quality at 53% and material costs at 53%. Tariff uncertainty makes procurement and pricing harder because a bid may need to absorb a cost that is not known when the estimate is prepared.
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These pressures can turn nominal growth into little or no real expansion. AIA’s January forecast cautions that modest increases in spending may not cover higher construction costs. If the price of labor, equipment, energy and materials rises faster than the value of awarded work, contractors can report larger backlogs without gaining purchasing power or margin.
Financing and materials also interact. An owner may postpone a project when borrowing costs rise, then find that restarting later requires a higher budget because steel, electrical gear or mechanical equipment has become more expensive. Contractors should distinguish between a project that is paused and one that has been permanently canceled; the near-term effect is similar, but the eventual pipeline is not.
Is construction recession-proof?
No. Construction is a derived industry: it follows the ability and willingness of owners, governments and utilities to fund physical assets. Essential facilities can keep work moving during a downturn, but private development, speculative offices, retail and education projects are sensitive to employment, credit and confidence.
The current evidence shows resilience without immunity. AGC’s “bright spots” are concentrated in data centers, power, health care and selected public work, while its weakest readings are in retail and private offices. A recession that reduces technology investment or tightens credit could hit today’s strongest categories; a downturn concentrated in consumer spending may leave utilities and institutional work comparatively better supported.
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That is why a national construction label is less useful than a sector-and-market assessment. A specialty contractor serving hospitals and substations may see opportunity while a firm focused on speculative offices faces a thin bid calendar. Geography matters as well: public funding, utility queues and local health-care systems determine whether national trends become local projects.
Is construction hiring still growing?
Hiring has slowed in neither intention nor difficulty. In the AGC/Sage 2026 Construction Hiring and Business Outlook, 63% of firms expect to increase headcount in 2026. More than 80% of firms planning to hire say qualified workers are difficult to find.
That combination has two implications. First, a weak spending number does not mean every contractor is reducing staff; firms with data-center, power, health-care or infrastructure backlogs may still recruit aggressively. Second, labor scarcity can limit how quickly the industry converts demand into completed work and can push wages and subcontractor prices higher.
Technology is part of the response. Sixty-one percent of surveyed firms use or plan to increase investment in artificial intelligence. The reported applications include office and administrative work at 45% and estimating at 23%. These figures describe adoption intentions, not measured productivity gains. AI may reduce repetitive work, but it does not remove the need for qualified field supervision, trade skills, safety management or reliable project data.
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Watch several measures together rather than relying on starts or announcements alone.
- Architecture billings and design contracts. AIA says the Architecture Billings Index typically leads nonresidential spending by about nine to 12 months. Billings have declined since early 2023, so persistent weakness would argue for caution about projects scheduled later in 2026 and 2027.
- Funded starts versus announced starts. AIA warns that delays and cancellations have made conversion uncertain. A start with financing, permits and a signed contract is a stronger signal than a proposal, land purchase or public announcement.
- Contractor backlog and its composition. Backlog tied to data centers or one large owner carries more concentration risk than a diversified book across utilities, health care, manufacturing and public work.
- Interest rates and lending standards. Lower benchmark rates help only if lenders are willing to finance construction and owners can secure acceptable terms.
- Material, equipment and energy prices. Rising costs can erase nominal spending growth and force redesigns, substitutions or re-bids.
- Whether data-center investment spreads. New power, manufacturing, water and transportation work would make the recovery broader; a purely contained data-center boom would leave the industry exposed to one capital cycle.
The timing matters. Architecture activity can signal conditions nearly a year ahead, while contractor backlogs show what is already under contract. Comparing the two helps separate a genuine pipeline from a temporary burst of announcements.
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What is the most likely path through 2027?
The base case from the available forecasts is a shallow aggregate dip followed by modest growth, with unusually wide differences by sector. AIA’s -0.3% 2026 and +3.0% 2027 nonresidential forecasts imply stabilization rather than a broad boom. Data centers and health care provide the strongest growth rates, while offices, retail and some education projects remain drags.
A stronger outcome would require financing to ease, labor capacity to expand and data-center spending to generate related power and infrastructure work. A weaker outcome would follow if recession fears become reality, tariffs or shortages lift costs, grid connections delay projects, or owners cancel work before starts convert into spending.
For businesses, the practical conclusion is to qualify the pipeline: identify which projects are fully funded, measure exposure to a single sector or owner, price escalation and schedule risk explicitly, and maintain capacity for the trades that are actually growing. For workers, the clearest demand is currently in electrical, power, mechanical, health-care and mission-critical specialties, although local conditions vary.
Bottom line: construction is resilient, but only in selected lanes
Construction is bucking gloomy predictions only in a qualified sense. Data centers, power, health care and selected public work are generating real momentum, and many firms still plan to hire. But the aggregate nonresidential market is shrinking, architecture billings are a warning sign, and the strongest sector is unusually dependent on capital, power and technology spending.
The right question for the rest of 2026 is not whether construction is healthy. It is whether today’s concentrated demand broadens before financing, labor and material constraints—or a downturn—interrupt it. Until that happens, expect a K-shaped market rather than an industry-wide recovery.
Frequently Asked Questions
How should I interpret a contractor net demand percentage?
A net reading subtracts the share of respondents expecting lower demand from the share expecting higher demand. It shows direction and sentiment among surveyed contractors, not a percentage increase in construction spending or guaranteed work for an individual firm.
Can a project’s announced start be counted as construction spending?
Not necessarily. Design changes, financing gaps, permitting, power-connection delays and cancellations can prevent an announced or preliminary start from becoming funded work. Contracted and financed starts provide a more reliable view of near-term activity.
What construction specialties are most exposed to the current growth areas?
Electrical, utility, power-generation, cooling, mechanical, commissioning and health-care specialists are closest to the sectors with the strongest current demand signals. Local labor availability and the project mix in a contractor’s service area still determine whether that national pattern applies.
Why can construction spending rise while contractors feel squeezed?
Spending is measured in dollars, so inflation can lift the total even when the physical amount of work changes little. Higher wages, equipment, energy and material costs can also reduce margins and purchasing power unless contract pricing and escalation provisions keep pace.

