Yes—some Amish-run businesses use power tools, including machines adapted to run on compressed air, hydraulic power, onsite engines, mechanical drives or batteries. There is no single system used by all Amish communities: technology choices vary by local church expectations, business needs and work setting.
What does it mean to retrofit a power tool?
A retrofit changes how a machine gets power. It may replace an electric motor or drive, or connect the machine to a central power system. The result is not necessarily a conventional electric tool with a different plug: the motor, mounting, controls and power supply may all need to suit the machine and the shop.
Pneumatic motors and shop air
In a pneumatic conversion, compressed air drives a motor in place of an electric motor. A shop may use an engine-driven compressor and distribute air through lines to workstations. The Centre for Business Research at the University of Cambridge describes Amish carpentry shops using air-pressure motors on tools and pneumatic lines around the workshop. This is an explanatory account, not a survey of current use: Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge.
Hydraulic systems and engine-driven pumps
A hydraulic conversion uses pressurized fluid to drive a motor or actuator. In the historical account of Iowa Amish businesses, diesel engines drive pumps that supply air or oil to adapted machinery. That article documents particular places and a particular period; it does not establish how common those systems are today: Essays in Economic and Business History (2002).
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Line shafts and belt drives
A central mechanical drive can operate several machines through shafts and belts. This differs from replacing the motor on one tool: the shop’s machinery is connected to a shared drive system.
Battery-supported equipment
Some businesses use batteries for lighting or cordless tools. The 2002 Iowa-focused article reports that some Amish had adopted battery-operated tools by the time of its study. A more recent example is Compass Ironworks in Chester County, Pennsylvania, where an oil-fueled central generator recharges batteries used in a workshop storage network. Neither example establishes that battery equipment is accepted or used everywhere.
A recent example: Compass Ironworks
A May 25, 2025 report by The Philadelphia Inquirer describes owner Amos Glick adapting equipment at Compass Ironworks to meet cultural expectations and business needs. The report presents one shop’s arrangement, not a template for Amish businesses generally. It describes a power hammer converted to compressed air and a scroll bender refitted with hydraulics and a battery-powered operating system. An oil-fueled central generator recharges batteries and powers forced-air and hydraulic tools.
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| Reported detail | What the figure applies to |
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| 24-volt, 110-amp electric-storage network | Compass Ironworks, as reported by The Philadelphia Inquirer in 2025 |
| 400-degree finishing oven | Compass Ironworks, as reported by The Philadelphia Inquirer in 2025 |
Glick’s comments describe his own perspective, not a statement for all Amish communities. He told the paper: “What sets us apart is that, as a culture, some worldly conveniences are not OK,” Glick said. “So we need to adapt.” He also said: “LEDs are bright, and they take less energy. You can run them off batteries,” Glick said. The Philadelphia Inquirer, May 25, 2025.
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For some businesses, the question is not simply which power source is most efficient. Local church expectations, cultural boundaries, practical work and economic needs can all shape technology decisions. A shop may use machinery while avoiding a connection to the public electric grid, but that does not mean every community sets the same boundaries. The Cambridge Centre for Business Research discusses these choices in the context of Amish business activity, including furniture production, machine assembly, upholstery, engine repair and construction.
The sources do not establish a representative share of Amish businesses using pneumatic, hydraulic, battery-powered or other systems. Nor do they provide controlled comparisons of cost, productivity, efficiency or safety between those options. A machine’s requirements—not a label such as “Amish tool”—determine whether a conversion is workable.
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What matters when adapting a machine?
A conversion needs to match the machine and its working conditions. Relevant engineering checks include:
- Machine compatibility: Confirm the required motor mounting, speed, torque and direction of rotation.
- Power delivery: For pneumatic equipment, match air pressure and flow; for hydraulics, match pressure, flow, motors or actuators, and hoses.
- Duty cycle: Check whether the power source can support the machine’s operating pattern and workload.
- Controls and stored energy: Plan how operators start, stop and isolate the machine, including pressure or hydraulic energy remaining in the system.
- Maintenance and guarding: Account for service needs, moving parts, hose routing and safeguards after the retrofit.
A pneumatic air motor is the most directly documented component category for this kind of conversion; a shop air compressor is a supporting component. Neither is a turnkey retrofit kit. Selection depends on the specific machine, mounting, speed, torque, required air flow and pressure, and duty cycle. The available sources do not establish that any particular product will fit a given machine.
Safety requirements still apply
Changing a machine’s power source does not remove the hazards of operating it. Retrofit systems can involve pressure, rotating parts, stored energy, hoses, noise, exhaust and machine guarding. The cited examples do not establish that a particular installation is safe without its design details and an inspection.
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For construction work, OSHA’s standard at 29 CFR 1926.302 addresses electric, pneumatic, fuel-powered, hydraulic and powder-actuated hand tools. Among its provisions, pneumatic tools must be secured to hoses or whips against accidental disconnection, pneumatic impact tools must have safety retainers, system components must not be operated above manufacturers’ safe pressure, and fuel-powered tools must be stopped during refueling, servicing or maintenance.
For general industry, 29 CFR 1910.242 makes each employer responsible for the safe condition of tools and equipment used by employees, including employee-furnished equipment; it also limits compressed air used for cleaning. Which requirements apply depends on the work and setting, so consult the current regulation and applicable standards for the job.
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