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In September 2024, the City of Stirling reported that tree canopy across all land within the city was about 12.3% and that it had been off track since 2020 to reach its 18% city-wide target by 2040. That target is distinct from a second goal announced in 2025: 30% canopy on land managed by the City by 2040. The different percentages use different land areas and are not evidence that the city-wide target has been met.
What Stirling’s 18% target covers
The 18% target is for canopy across all land inside the City of Stirling’s boundaries, regardless of who owns or manages it. That includes City-managed land, State-managed land, residential properties and non-residential sites. It is not a target limited to parks, streets or other council land. The City’s September 2024 council agenda describes the city-wide scope and its canopy reporting method: September 2024 council agenda.
How the target and measured canopy changed
| Year or period | City-wide target or canopy figure | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 18% canopy by 2030 | The City’s 2023 review says the 18% target was endorsed in 2016. |
| 2019 | Deadline changed to 2040 | Council moved the city-wide 18% target from 2030 to 2040, citing residential canopy losses and the time new trees take to mature. |
| 2012–2022 | 12.4% average canopy | The City’s ten-year review reported this average across the measurement period. |
| 2022 | 12.3% canopy; 13.2% required on the target trajectory | The City’s 2023 review also reported a 91.4-hectare shortfall against that trajectory. |
| 2024 | About 12.3% canopy | The September 2024 council agenda said city-wide cover remained around this level and that the City had reported being off track since 2020. |
The historical figures come from the City’s 2023 ten-year review and its September 2024 agenda. The 13.2% comparison and 91.4-hectare gap are the review’s assessment of the trajectory required for the 2040 goal, not a separate target.
Why the City said it was off track
The City’s stated problem was that gains on land it managed were offset by significant canopy losses on residential land over the preceding decade. Planting on public land therefore could not, by itself, lift the all-land city-wide measure enough to meet the trajectory. The City also said trees need time to grow: in 2019 it judged the original 2030 deadline infeasible because of ongoing residential losses and the time required for new plantings to mature. It warned that reaching 18% by 2040 would still be challenging and require substantial planting as well as canopy retention.
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In a May 2024 release, Mayor Mark Irwin said the City remained committed to planting, establishing and maintaining trees “with the goal of preserving and improving our tree canopy cover to 18 per cent by 2040.” The statement referred to the city-wide goal at that time, not the separate City-managed-land target later reported in 2025. City of Stirling, 20 May 2024.
How Stirling measures canopy
For its city-wide reporting, the City says it commissions annual airborne remote sensing to measure vegetation and tree canopy above three metres across the whole municipality, regardless of land use or ownership. Its tree-planning page separately describes “significant canopy” as canopy taller than three metres and covering an area larger than 20 square metres, measured using high-resolution airborne multispectral imagery. The 20-square-metre threshold is stated on that webpage; it should not be assumed to be part of the September 2024 agenda’s description of the city-wide percentage. See the City’s tree planning and management information.
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This is a measure of canopy coverage, not a direct count of trees planted. A count of seedlings or young trees cannot be translated directly into a canopy percentage: canopy develops as trees grow, and losses elsewhere in the measured area can offset gains. The City’s May 2024 release also reported cumulative planting totals that included both trees and shrubs; those totals are not directly comparable with canopy cover.
The separate 2025 target for City-managed land
In an update dated 12 August 2025, the City said it had adopted a separate target earlier that year: 30% canopy on City-managed land by 2040. The release reported a one-percentage-point canopy increase on that land over the previous three years, which it described as equivalent to almost 24,000 medium-sized mature trees. That equivalence is the City’s explanation of canopy gain, not a literal count of newly planted mature trees. The release does not state the exact adoption date or a baseline canopy percentage for City-managed land. City of Stirling, 12 August 2025.
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| Goal | Land included | Target and deadline | Reported status or baseline |
|---|---|---|---|
| City-wide target | All land within Stirling, including public and private land | 18% by 2040 | About 12.3% city-wide in 2024; the City said it had been off track since 2020. |
| City-managed-land target | Land managed by the City | 30% by 2040 | The 2025 update reported a one-percentage-point increase over the previous three years; it did not state the baseline percentage. |
The targets have different denominators. The 2025 City-managed-land increase should not be added to, or compared as if it were the same measure as, the 2024 city-wide canopy figure. The City’s Urban Forest Plan page describes the 18% city-wide target; read it alongside the later update on the additional City-managed-land goal.
What the City says it is doing
The August 2025 update said more than 5,000 street trees were planned for planting before that season ended, including in Mirrabooka, Nollamara, Balga, Tuart Hill, Osborne Park, Dianella, Carine, Mount Lawley and Wembley Downs. It also said watering for new street trees would be extended from two years to three in 2025/26 to help trees survive to maturity. The City says it selects native and non-native species to suit site conditions.
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The City’s tree-management page says it plants around 7,000 trees each year on residential verges, reserves and streets, and describes community planting days, free tree and plant giveaways, workshops and volunteering opportunities. It lists site factors including street orientation, overhead powerlines, verge size, habitat needs, soil, coastal proximity, cultural heritage and local character. These programs support planting and care, but public planting totals alone do not resolve the city-wide challenge if residential canopy continues to be lost.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What the figures do—and do not—show
The City’s records establish that the 18% city-wide target remained off track in its September 2024 account, while its August 2025 update introduced a distinct 30% goal for City-managed land. The later target does not replace the earlier one, use the same land area or demonstrate that the city-wide goal has been achieved. For context, PerthNow reported in October 2024 that the City’s report estimated 320,000 trees would be needed by 2040 and that 30,000 medium-sized trees represented one percentage point. Those estimates are reported second-hand by PerthNow and should be treated as its account of a City estimate, not as a direct quote from the City’s published update.
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