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Bettesworth Construction
animal holes

Mole Holes vs. Snake Holes: How to Tell the Difference

Mole activity commonly leaves connected raised ridges and soil mounds. A snake may use a hole made by another animal, so a single opening is not proof a snake dug it.

By Bettesworth Construction Team 3 min read

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A raised, winding ridge through the lawn, sometimes paired with rounded soil mounds, is more consistent with mole tunneling than with a snake entrance. A snake may be found in a hole, but it may be using a burrow dug by another animal. An open hole by itself cannot tell you which animal made it—or whether a snake is inside.

Compare the signs

Clue Mole activity Snake using a burrow
Overall pattern Shallow feeding tunnels can lift the soil into connected, wandering ridges. Moles also excavate deeper tunnels. A snake may shelter in or hunt near an existing opening, including a burrow made by another animal. The opening alone does not identify its occupant or excavator.
Soil Excavated soil may appear in rounded or volcano-shaped mounds. Do not attribute a hole or mound to a snake without other evidence. Consider the opening’s size, shape and location, and look for tracks from a safe distance.
What you can see Shallow runs may show as surface ridges; deeper permanent tunnels are underground. The snake may not be visible at all. It may be using an existing burrow for shelter or as a hunting site.
Useful next clue Look for a connected raised run and nearby mounds. Consider local snake species and other burrowing animals; never put a hand inside.

This comparison draws on university extension descriptions from several regions; it is not a species-level field diagnosis.

Why mole activity often looks like a network

Moles make underground tunnel systems. Shallow feeding runs can push the soil surface upward into low, winding ridges, while soil excavated from deeper tunnels may be pushed up into rounded mounds. That combination—a ridge pattern and nearby mounds—is more informative than a single hole.

Virginia Cooperative Extension describes permanent mole tunnels as 6–20 inches below the surface. That is a descriptive range from its 2023 guidance, not a universal depth for every mole tunnel. Its guidance distinguishes those deeper permanent tunnels from shallow feeding tunnels; the University of Maryland Extension also describes low ridges above shallow feeding runways.

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People sometimes say “mole hole” when they mean a tunnel or mound, even when there is no obvious open entrance. Check whether the visible feature is actually a raised surface run, excavated soil, or a separate open burrow.

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Why an open hole does not prove a snake dug it

Snakes may use holes made by other animals. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach says snakes use holes other animals have made. UF/IFAS guidance says most snake species in Florida are not adapted to dig holes, while noting that a few small Florida species can burrow under soil and leaf litter. The Florida detail should not be treated as a rule for every snake species or region.

As Iowa State University Extension and Outreach puts it in its March 1, 2019 review of “Dealing with Snakes Around Homes”: “Snakes don’t do any direct damage to buildings because they don’t dig their own holes, instead using holes other animals have made.” That guidance is from Iowa; local species and behavior vary.

How to inspect a yard hole safely

  1. Observe the surrounding ground from a distance. Note whether there is a connected, raised, winding run or nearby rounded mounds, rather than focusing only on the opening.
  2. Consider the hole’s size, shape and location. UF/IFAS notes that small holes can have several possible animal explanations, so appearance alone may not settle the identification.
  3. Do not reach into or probe an unknown burrow. UF/IFAS specifically cautions against putting hands into holes.
  4. Use regional guidance if you need a positive identification. Check a local university extension or wildlife agency resource, since species and behaviors differ by region.

Do mole tunnels need to be controlled?

Moles eat earthworms and soil insects. Their surface tunneling can disturb turf, but moles may also help control some soil pests. Extension guidance does not treat control as automatically necessary; if the damage is unacceptable, consult management information suited to your area.

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