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Bettesworth Construction
bio-based materials

Fungus-Based Materials: Can Mycelium Replace Concrete?

Mycelium composites bind organic substrates and show promise in insulation, acoustic products and panels. Their moisture sensitivity and variable performance limit claims that they can replace structural concrete.

By Bettesworth Construction Team 3 min read

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Fungus-based mycelium composites are promising for insulation, acoustic products, panels and furnishings, but current reviews do not support using them as a general replacement for structural concrete. They are composites made when fungal growth binds organic material—not concrete made from fungus—and their suitability depends on the formulation, exposure and intended use.

What is a fungus-based building material?

Mycelium is the threadlike vegetative network of a fungus. In a mycelium-based composite, it grows through and binds an organic substrate, often lignocellulosic material, into a shaped material. The result is a composite, not pure fungus.

Its properties depend on the fungal species and substrate as well as incubation, drying, pressing and any coatings. A 2018 study found that heat pressing improved homogeneity, strength and stiffness in the materials it tested; that result should not be assumed for every mycelium composite. The study illustrates why manufacturing details matter as much as the broad material category.

Can mycelium replace concrete?

Not as a general substitute for foundations, columns, beams or other load-bearing concrete members. A 2023 review identifies low mechanical performance, water absorption and a lack of standardized test methods as constraints that limit many mycelium composites to non-structural or semi-structural applications. The review supports exploring mycelium for particular building roles, not assuming equivalence to structural concrete.

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Reviews identify potential applications including thermal and acoustic insulation, panels, door cores, flooring, cabinetry and furnishings. These are areas of research and potential use, not confirmation that every application is available as a compliant commercial product. A 2019 critical review describes insulation as a particularly promising direction. Read the review.

What performance has been reported?

A 2026 critical review reports thermal conductivity as low as 0.03 W/mK and Young’s modulus up to 3.66 GPa among mycelium composites in the literature it reviewed. These are review-level values, not specifications for a product you can buy. Young’s modulus describes stiffness; it is not compressive strength and does not demonstrate that a material can replace concrete in a load-bearing structure. The same review flags moisture sensitivity and variability in mechanical performance. See the review.

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For construction decisions, request results for the exact product and intended assembly. Relevant evidence may include compression and flexural strength, moisture uptake and dimensional stability, thermal conductivity or acoustic absorption, fire behavior, durability under expected exposure, and the test methods used. A review of standardization discusses assessment methods for density, water absorption, bending, compression, tensile and impact strength, and thermal and sound insulation. Consult the standardization review.

How sustainable is it?

Mycelium composites can use organic or agricultural byproducts and may be biodegradable, but those features alone do not establish a lower lifecycle impact than concrete or another material. The result depends on the feedstock, cultivation, sterilization, drying, transport, coatings, service life and end-of-life treatment.

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The 2026 review notes that energy-intensive processing—particularly sterilization and drying—can increase impacts. In renewable-energy scenarios reviewed by the authors, global-warming potential fell by up to 68%; this is a scenario result, not a universal reduction for every product. The review details the scenarios.

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What should builders verify before specifying it?

  • Application and load: Confirm whether the role is insulation, acoustic treatment, paneling or another use, and whether the material is expected to carry load.
  • Strength and test method: Ask for product-specific compression and flexural results, with the test method and specimen conditions.
  • Moisture and exposure: Check water uptake, dimensional stability and durability under the actual indoor or outdoor conditions.
  • Thermal, acoustic and fire performance: Review results for the installed assembly and intended building application, not just a standalone sample.
  • Approval and documentation: Verify current manufacturer documentation, test reports, applicable certification and code acceptance in the project’s jurisdiction.
  • Lifecycle boundary: Ask what feedstock and energy sources are used, how processing and transport are counted, and what end-of-life pathway is assumed.

Reviews identify variable performance by species and substrate, moisture and weathering sensitivity, processing energy, production time and cost, scale-up, and inconsistent testing protocols as continuing challenges. A 2026 systematic review also describes limited commercial adoption; it is an early-access article that may be updated. See the systematic review.

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For now, the most defensible construction case is evaluating mycelium composites for specific non-structural or semi-structural uses—especially insulation, acoustic products, panels and furnishings—against verified product data. Do not specify one as a load-bearing concrete replacement without documentation for the exact product, assembly and jurisdiction.

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