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1Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsChina is expanding pumped-storage hydropower, a grid-scale system that stores electricity by pumping water uphill and later generates power as the water flows back down. Official figures put installed pumped-storage capacity at 62.37 gigawatts (GW) at the end of August 2025. The country’s much larger conventional hydropower fleet—about 380 GW at that date—is a separate category.
How does pumped hydro store renewable energy?
A pumped-storage station moves water between lower and upper reservoirs at different elevations. When electricity is available, pumps use it to move water uphill; when demand rises, water is released through turbines to generate electricity. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission describes the process in its pumped-storage explainer.
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The system stores energy rather than creating it. Because pumping consumes electricity and turbines return electricity later, pumped storage is a way to shift supply across time and help regulate the grid. It can help power systems accommodate variable wind and solar output, but the available figures do not say how much renewable electricity China’s pumped-storage fleet actually stores.
How much pumped-storage capacity does China have?
China’s State Council reported 62.37 GW of installed pumped-storage hydropower capacity at the end of August 2025. In the same official white paper, it reported about 380 GW of installed conventional hydropower capacity. Those figures describe different kinds of hydropower and should not be combined as if all conventional hydro were pumped storage. The figures appear in the State Council’s 2025 white paper on China’s carbon-peaking and carbon-neutrality plans.
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These are official Chinese government figures, not an independent audit. “Installed capacity” is the rated generating capacity of equipment in operation; it is not a measure of energy stored, actual electricity generated, or how often the stations run.
What is China planning to build?
A March 2025 State Council/Xinhua report said a national plan covered 340 key pumped-storage projects with approximately 420 GW of planned installed capacity through 2035. The report also said operational capacity was expected to reach around 120 GW by 2030. The 420 GW figure is planned project capacity, not capacity already operating; it should not be read as an additional amount on top of the 2030 operating expectation. See the State Council/Xinhua report.
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Separately, the National Energy Administration reported in March 2026 on State Grid’s 2026–2030 plan. State Grid aims to start construction on more than 30 GW of pumped-storage projects during that period and to have more than 120 GW in operation or under construction by 2030, alongside more than 150 GW of power regulation capability. These are utility-specific planning targets: the under-construction figure is not equivalent to operating capacity, and regulation capability is a distinct measure rather than another capacity total. The NEA report is available at its State Grid investment-plan notice.
Why is pumped storage part of the energy transition?
China’s official 2025 white paper places pumped storage within a broader effort to make the power system more flexible as renewable generation grows. It reports that non-fossil energy’s share of consumption rose from 16.0% in 2020 to 19.8% in 2024, and that installed wind and photovoltaic capacity exceeded 1,690 GW at the end of August 2025. These figures provide context for the grid challenge; they do not measure renewable power stored by pumped hydro.
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Wind and solar output varies with weather and time of day, while electricity demand also changes. Pumped storage can absorb electricity when it is available and deliver electricity later, helping balance supply and demand. It is one flexibility resource, not a replacement for generation or a guarantee that every surplus renewable unit can be stored.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What do the construction figures—and rules—tell us?
The reported figures describe a large development pipeline, but they refer to different milestones: capacity already installed, planned project capacity, projects under construction, expected operating capacity, and grid regulation capability. They cannot be added together to produce a single total. Nor do the national targets establish the construction status, cost, environmental effects, or social consequences of any individual reservoir.
China’s National Development and Reform Commission and National Energy Administration issued management rules for pumped-storage development and construction on January 24, 2025, published on the NDRC website on February 7. The agencies said the rules were intended “to regulate the development and construction of pumped-storage power stations, ensure project quality and safety, and promote the high-quality development of the industry”—a translation of the official Chinese text. The notice establishes a policy and management framework; local impacts and project conditions must be assessed project by project. Read the NDRC and NEA notice.
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